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              Trichloroethylene (TCE) Groundwater Contamination
Investigation
Eastern Lisle and Nearby Affected Areas
Fact Sheet #1
October 2001
Lisle, Illinois
Background
During the late summer and early fall of 2000, a number of residents with
private wells in an eastern Lisle neighborhood south of Ogden Avenue
(Area A on enclosed Map) had their wells sampled by a private
environmental contractor. By mid-November, more than 35 residential
wells had been sampled by various parties.Trichloroethylene (TCE) had
been detected in at least 20 wells, and it had been found in excess of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Drinking Water
Standard for public water supplies (5 parts per billion) in six wells. The
concentrations ranged from just above the detection limit to almost 20
parts per billion in one well.
The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) had followed these
developments closely since public concern began to increase at the end of
that summer. IEPA obtained the lab results from the various parties
sampling the wells, and in November 2000, mounted a major effort to
sample the remaining wells in the affected neighborhood.
Facts About Trichloroethylene
In response to numerous questions about TCE, IEPA, Illinois Department
of Public Health, and the DuPage County Health Department developed a
site-specific "Question & Answer" document, which is enclosed. An
additional resource is a TCE Fact Sheet developed by the federal Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), a division of the U.S.
Department of Health & Human Services.
Those without Internet access can request a copy from the IEPA staff member listed at the end of this
document.
Another information source is the DuPage County Health Department website.
December 2000 Sampling
With the assistance of the Village of Lisle's Public Works Department, IEPA staff developed lists of
homes on private wells in the area where TCE had been found. The IEPA then contacted a number of
homes close to those already known to have TCE in their wells, to get the information needed to do
further sampling. IEPA's initial sampling round took place in the week before Christmas, 2000, in sub-freezing
temperatures. Based on the results seen from the earlier sampling, IEPA field staff sampled 48
residential wells (most in Area A on Map) during three days of sampling.
The results were received from IEPA's contract lab on January 2, 2001, and very closely matched the
earlier samples of homes in the area: 34 of the homes (over 70% of those tested) had detectable TCE
concentrations, and nine of these homes had levels exceeding the federal drinking water standard.
At that point, more than 80 private wells had been sampled by various parties, and TCE had been
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detected in more than 54 of them. Of those homes, 15 had TCE levels higher than those allowed for
public water supplies.
Another important characteristic was noted in the results of all the wells with TCE contamination: IEPA
samples contained no detectable amounts of the usual chemical "breakdown products" that very often
occur when TCE is found in groundwater. These breakdown products often result from the action of
naturally occurring bacteria in the soil and groundwater, which can use the TCE as an energy-source, in
the process stripping off chlorine atoms to form new compounds, including several forms of
dichloroethylene (DCE) and a chemical called vinyl chloride.
IEPA staff considered the absence of detectable DCE and vinyl chloride in all the samples from Area A as
evidence that the TCE might have reached the bedrock without first spending a long time in contact
with soils that contained "TCE-eating" bacteria. This was good news, in a way, since vinyl chloride is a
known cancer-causing agent in humans. Health authorities are very concerned any time vinyl chloride is
detected in water supplies used by people. In addition to being good news from a health standpoint, the
absence of TCE's breakdown products in Area A well samples served as an “identifier” for the eastern
Lisle groundwater plume.
All of the affected wells are thought to be drawing groundwater from the limestone bedrock formation,
which is believed to be flowing in a generally southerly direction, and all of the affected homes found at
that time were in Area A. In keeping with standard IEPA practice, each home sampled, including those
sampled by the private consultant, received a letter from the toxicologists of the Illinois Department of
Public Health (IDPH) explaining the implications of the results, as well as a copy of the lab results for
their records. Those with further questions or concerns were provided with the name and phone number
of a toxicologist at IDPH.
The Attorney General
In January 2001, the IEPA referred the matter to the Office of the Illinois Attorney General, based on a
demonstrated threat of TCE contamination in the drinking water of the sampled residential area in
eastern Lisle.
Meetings between the Office of the Attorney General and the potentially responsible parties resulted in
an Agreed Preliminary Injunction Order (Order) being filed in DuPage County Circuit Court on January
22, 2001. The Order required the provision of a safe drinking water source (bottled water) for all
residences served by private wells in the area where affected wells had been found, with the "affected
area" including a precautionary "buffer zone" to assure that small variations in flow of the contaminated
water would not affect the wells of anyone not receiving bottled water. Again, this is identified as Area A
on the Map.
On January 19, 2001, the Illinois Attorney General had a letter delivered to all 119 homes served by
wells in Area A, informing the residents about the TCE found in area wells and recommending that they
cease drinking the well water and begin using bottled water for drinking and cooking. Residents were
told that a plan would shortly be developed under which potentially responsible parties (PRP’s) would
provide safe drinking water to the homes with wells in the area, and reimburse them for their bottled
water costs in the interim. Residents with questions or concerns were provided with the name and
phone number of a contact at IEPA for more information.
Residents in the area were then informed that they could contact a local drinking-water supplier to
begin receiving regular home-deliveries of bottled water, at no expense to them. Those who had
previously established a relationship with a different drinking water supplier could continue that contract
and forward their bills for reimbursement.
The January 22 Order also required an expedited environmental investigation. PRP’s must submit all
work plans to the IEPA and the Attorney General for approval. Among other things, this investigation
requires the installation of a series of monitoring wells, designed to detect whether the groundwater in
the soil and the bedrock beneath is contaminated. The fieldwork portion of this investigation began in
March and is ongoing.
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January: Private-well Sampling Continues
The next priority was to identify all private wells that might be affected or threatened by any TCE
contamination traveling beyond Area A. In mid-January, IEPA contacted Citizens Utilities of DuPage
County, which provides water to the area directly south of Area A, and obtained information on which
homes were served by public water in that area. The information showed that all the homes between
Area A and Maple Avenue were served by the public utility, but immediately south of Maple, one
neighborhood, "Lisle Farms," was on private wells.
This neighborhood, bordered on the east and south by the Meadows Subdivision (which is served by
Citizens public water supply), began with homes on the east side of Kingston Avenue and continued
west to the west side of Lenox Road, and was bounded on the south by South Road. All the homes in
this area, with some exceptions on Maple, were believed to have private wells. In mid-January, 2001,
IEPA began planning to sample a number of wells along the "northern tier" of those homes, just south
of Maple (reasoning they would have been the first to be affected if TCE had traveled in that direction),
to discover whether TCE was present in any of the wells.
On January 23, and again during the last week of January, IEPA sampled a total of 27 wells in this
neighborhood. Not a single well showed any trace of TCE, nor any of the 33 other “volatile organic
compounds” that would be detected by IEPA's analysis, which has a detection limit of one half of a part
per billion. IEPA concluded that the Lisle Farms neighborhood was not affected by the TCE
contamination that had been found flowing south through Area A.
New Affected Area
One private well included in the January 23rd sampling group was far to the southeast of the Lisle
Farms area described above, but it had been sampled because it provided the closest available private
well east of the Lisle Farms area. This well, at the east end of Woodridge Estates, was the only one in
this group to show any contamination. The results were lower than many in Area A, and once again,
only TCE was observed, not any of its usual breakdown products.
In the last three days of January, IEPA contacted 20 homes in the northeastern part of Woodridge
Estates, as far west as Essex Road, and arranged to sample their wells. The results came back from the
lab on February 22, 2001. Of the twenty wells, including a re-sampling of the first well sampled in the
area, nine wells showed detectable levels of TCE (above half a part per billion). None of the wells
sampled had TCE levels above 1.5 parts per billion. Again, as in Area A, only TCE was found in these
wells. None of the usual breakdown products, DCE or vinyl chloride, were detected.
All the affected wells in Woodridge Estates were east of the homes on Kingston Avenue, a pattern that
has continued in later sampling. No wells in Woodridge Estates on or west of Kingston have had any
detectable TCE (see Map Area B).
On February 23, the Attorney General once again delivered a letter, this time to the 54 homes in Area
B, recommending that the residents cease drinking or cooking with the well water and informing them
of their bottled-water options.
During the January sampling, IEPA also sampled 30 additional wells in and near Area A, most along the
edges of the central area previously found to be contaminated with TCE. Only two of these new samples
had detectable TCE, both at levels below one part per billion. This supported the earlier picture of the
TCE plume being confined to an area east of Kingston Avenue and west of Westview Lane.
Only one TCE anomaly was found in this round of sampling; an apartment building on Front Street west
of Kingston was found to have a low level of TCE in its well. In the expectation that the TCE could be a
part of the Area A contamination, letters from the Office of the Attorney General informed the residents
that they would be receiving bottled water, as with the other neighborhoods.
No TCE Found North of Ogden
In addition to the January sampling in these neighborhoods, IEPA also sampled two areas north of
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Ogden Avenue, as a precaution. Seven wells were sampled on the south end of Ivanhoe Avenue. No
TCE was detected, or any other volatile contaminants, in any of the wells.
Eleven wells on Chelsea and Kingston Avenues north of Ogden and one well on Ogden itself, were
sampled. None of these wells showed any trace of TCE or other contaminants. IEPA concluded that
these areas were not affected by TCE contamination.
A Broader Plume, Another Neighborhood
IEPA staff next contacted the Woodridge Public Services Department to determine whether all the
homes south of Woodridge Estates were served by public water. The only nearby residential wells to the
south were southeast of Woodridge Estates, in a neighborhood south of 63rd Street known as Suburban
Estates (Area C on the Map).
Looking at the pattern of well contamination seen in Area B, IEPA staff reasoned that they were
probably seeing the western edge of the plume in these wells. Since the homes immediately east of this
area were all on public water, it was impossible to know without more sampling how wide the
contaminant plume might be at 61st Street (nearly two miles south of Area A). However, there was a
clue in the concentrations of TCE detected in the wells here -- the levels were only about one-tenth the
concentrations found in Area A. Since the absence of breakdown products suggested that the TCE was
not degrading into other chemicals and disappearing in that way, it appeared to be spreading out, or
diffusing into a larger volume of water, thus producing the lower concentrations observed in Area B and
Area C.
IEPA contacted 37 homes, most on the outer edges of Suburban Estates, and arranged to sample their
wells. In the first week of March, these wells were sampled, along with 47 wells from other
neighborhoods.
The test results, two weeks later showed that the plume was indeed much wider than it had appeared
at the east end of Woodridge Estates. On Friday, March 23, IEPA learned that 25 of the 37 wells
sampled in Suburban Estates contained detectable TCE, and once again only TCE was found -- no
breakdown products. The highest concentrations found were just over one part per billion, and many of
the wells contained TCE at levels just above the detection limit, but TCE was found on all portions of the
periphery of the subdivision: north, south, east, and west.
IEPA immediately notified affected residents of the results. On March 26, the Office of the Attorney
General distributed letters to the 99 homes in Area C informing them of the contamination in area wells
and recommending that they stop drinking the well water and call the established bottled water supplier
to begin deliveries.
West of Kingston Near Main Street
In the early-March sampling, IEPA also sampled nine wells in the area near St. Joseph’s Creek, north of
Ogden Avenue and west of Kingston and Chelsea (which had been sampled earlier). Again, no
contaminants of any kind were detected in this area.
In this early-March sampling, IEPA also sampled all the wells it could access between Ogden and
Hitchcock Avenues, west of Kingston and east of Lincoln Avenue (Highway 53). Twenty-five wells were
sampled in that area, and no TCE was detected in any well in this area.
There were, however, anomalous findings in five wells south of the railroad line, all but one within a
block of Main Street. Four wells contained low levels (all less than 1.4 parts per billion) of
tetrachloroethylene (Also called perchloroethylene, PCE, or "Perc"). Also, in one well west of Main Street
near the railroad tracks, IEPA detected vinyl chloride, at levels just above the detection limit of half a
part per billion. IEPA staff believe these results may be related to each other, and to the January finding
of TCE in the one well on Front Street near Main (that well has since been replaced by a public water
supply hookup).
PCE is a commonly used solvent that is often found in groundwater contamination incidents. When it is
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released into soil near the surface it often is exposed to soil bacteria that begin the natural breakdown
process described earlier with respect to TCE. While that process does not appear to have been at work
on the TCE plume east of Kingston Avenue, the process may be going on near Main Street.
The "natural degradation" process can begin with PCE, then produce TCE, then several forms of
Dichloroethylene, and can finally produce Vinyl Chloride. The finding of these low levels of these related
compounds sporadically distributed in wells in a relatively small area leads IEPA investigators to look for
a possible nearby source of PCE that might have been released to the soil and groundwater near the
ground surface.
Most importantly, these findings do not appear to point to any connection to the previously identified
TCE plume. Only the smallest traces of PCE have been found in any of the well samples taken east of
Kingston. IEPA staff believe that the samples found near Main Street point to a separate source(s),
which is closer to the private wells where it has been found. IEPA plans additional investigation to seek
the source(s) of the PCE.
In the meantime, the toxicologists at the IDPH have stated that the levels of PCE detected in the four
wells do not constitute a significant health concern. The wells will be re-sampled over time to assure
that levels do not increase, as IEPA looks for the source(s).
The one well with vinyl chloride again had levels below the federal drinking water standard of two parts
per billion. However, because of the seriousness of long-term vinyl chloride exposure, it was good to
find that the well, at a business office, was not used for drinking, cooking, or bathing.
Recent Sampling: Refining the Boundaries
In May 2001 and again in early July and September, IEPA sampled more wells to refine the boundaries
of the TCE contamination.
In Woodridge Estates, all wells between Kingston Avenue and Ridge Court (west of Area B) were
sampled, again with no wells showing detectable contamination on or west of Kingston Avenue. In total,
23 Woodridge Estates wells west of Kingston Avenue were sampled, with none having detectable
contamination. East of Kingston Avenue, of 53 wells tested (one resident could not be contacted), 40
wells had detectable levels of TCE (above half a part per billion), but none had levels above 1.5 parts
per billion.
In Suburban Estates (Area C), the remaining 62 wells were sampled in the summer sampling rounds,
and nearly two-thirds of the wells had detectable TCE levels. The highest TCE levels here were also
about 1.5 parts per billion, and, once again, no other contaminants were detected.
During this summer period, in an effort to locate the eastern boundary of the TCE plume, IDPH and
IEPA conducted selective sampling of wells in two areas east of the Tollway (I355). Twenty wells near
the corner of Walnut Avenue and 59th Street were sampled, and nine wells had detectable TCE. Here
the highest levels were about one part per billion.
As part of the same plume-tracing effort, IEPA sampled 18 wells east of the tollway and north of 63rd
Street in Downers Grove. Of these wells, seven had detectable TCE, again at or below one part per
billion. Again, no other contaminants were detected. IEPA will need to collect additional data to
determine whether the TCE in these last two areas is associated with the same plume as the one being
traced west of the Tollway, in Area B and Area C.
Next Steps
IEPA will continue its investigation of the source of the TCE in Areas A,B, and C.
Later this fall, as a follow-up to previous sampling, IEPA will re-sample selected wells in the northern
tier of homes in Area A, to determine whether there has been any change in the TCE concentrations as
new groundwater has moved in from the north in the months since the wells were first sampled.
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The IEPA will continue to monitor fieldwork being performed by Potentially Responsible Parties and
evaluate results with respect to this groundwater investigation. Future Fact Sheets will cover new
developments.
For More Information
For general information, contact: For health-related information, contact:
Stan Black, Office of Community Relations
Illinois EPA
P.O. Box 19276
Springfield, Illinois 62794-9276
Phone: 217/785-1427
Fax: 217/785-7725
Ken Runkle
Illinois Department of Public Health
Division of Environmental Health
Toxicology Section
525 W. Jefferson Street
Springfield, Illinois 62761
Phone: 217/782-5830
Fax: 217/785-0253
Other Contacts:
Leland Lewis, Executive Director
DuPage County Health Department:
111 North County Farm Road
Wheaton, Illinois 60187
Phone: 630/682-7979 x7660
Deborah Helms Smith
Assistant State's Attorney
Office of the State's Attorney
505 North County Farm Road
Wheaton, Illinois 60187
Phone: 630/682-7050
Fax: 630/682-7048
Kendra Pohn
Assistant Attorney General
Environmental Bureau
188 West Randolph, 20th Floor
Chicago, Illinois 60601
Phone: 312/814-0608
Fax: 312/814-2347
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