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Illinois Bureau of Land January 2002
Environmental 1021 North Grand Avenue East
Protection Agency P.O. Box 19276
Springfield, IL 62794-9276
IEPA/BOL/01-014
Nonhazardous Solid Waste
Management and Landfill
Capacity in Illinois
Printed on Recycled Paper
2000 Annual
Report
Topics Covered
¢ Waste disposed in landfills,
1998-2000
¢ Remaining disposal capacity
as of Jan. 1, 2000 and Jan. 1,
2001
¢ Specification pages for 62
landfills, 94 transfer stations and
58 compost sites
¢ Waste generated and recycled,
2000
¢ Waste handled by transfer
stations, 1998-2000
¢ Waste composted,
1998-2000
Nonhazardous
Solid Waste Management
And Landfill Capacity
In Illinois: 2000
Reporting period for waste disposal: Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 2000
Reporting date for landfill capacity: Jan. 1, 2001
This report has been prepared for the Governor of the State of Illinois and the General Assembly
in accordance with Section 4 of the Illinois Solid Waste Management Act.
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
Bureau of Land
Division of Land Pollution Control
Solid Waste Management Section
1021 North Grand Ave. East
P.O. Box 19276
Springfield, Ill. 62794-9276
Printed on recycled paper.
How to Obtain Additional Information
To learn more about municipal solid waste landfills, transfer
stations or compost facilities in Illinois, please call 217-785-
8604, or write to:
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
Bureau of Land
Solid Waste Management Section
P.O. Box 19276
Springfield, IL 62794-9276
Our Internet address is http://www.epa.state.il.us
When using courier services (UPS, Airborne, etc.), please use
the following street address and zip code:
1021 North Grand Ave. East
Springfield, IL 62702
Acknowledgements
This document is produced by the Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency, Renee Cipriano, Director, and is published
by the Agency’s Office of Public Information, Dennis
McMurray, manager. The report is printed in the Agency’s
print shop. Many thanks go to Tom Davis and Rusty Downs
who provided publishing advice to the Primary Editor. Maggie
Carson provided editing. Excellent organizational skills and
typing was provided by Judy Brubaker, the Section’s clerical
support.
Illinois EPA Bureau of Land personnel contributed their time
and expertise to the development of this publication. Primary
Editor was Ellen Gambach of the Solid Waste Management
Section. Assistance with compost site permitting and reporting
was provided by Gary Cima and Joanie McMillan. Details
about new permits issued to transfer stations and landfills was
provided by Chris Liebman and Ted Dragovich of Permit
Section. Neelu Reddy of Remedial Project Management
Section provided information about Illinois FIRST abandoned
landfill program; and Jim Moore, explained closure procedures.
The Agency also wishes to thank the 18 delegated counties, plus
Ambraw Valley Solid Waste Agency and the City of Chicago
who inspect and have first-hand knowledge of approximately 50
percent of the landfills, transfer stations and compost sites
written about in this report. Our seven regional offices and their
regional managers are responsible for inspecting all Agency-permitted
pollution control facilities.
Additional Information
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v iii
Cover Photo: Photo of Cottonwood Hills RDF by Chuck Schaeffer, Inspector, St. Clair County Health
Department, Belleville
Region 1: Photo of Onyx Orchard Hills Landfill by Joy Bliton, Inspector, Ogle County Solid Waste
Management Department, Oregon
Region 2: Photo of BFI Zion Landfill by Greg Giroux, Inspector, Lake County Health Department,
Waukegan
Region 3: Photo of Spoon Ridge RDF by Larry Dutton, Environmental Protection Specialist, Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency, Peoria Regional Office
Region 4: Photo of Livingston Landfill by Ken Keigley, Environmental Protection Specialist, Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency, Champaign Regional Office
Region 5: Photo of Five Oaks RDF by Weldon Kunzeman, Inspector, Christian County Solid Waste
Management, Taylorville
Region 6: Photo of Milam RDF by David Walchshauser, former Environmental Protection Program
Specialist, St. Clair County Health Department, Belleville
Region 7: Photo of Southern Illinois Regional Landfill by George Browning, Inspector, Jackson County
Health Department, Murphysboro
Photo Credits
iv v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000
SINCE ITS ESTABLISHMENT IN 1970, THE ILLINOIS
EPA has overseen the development and operation of a
productive system of modern sanitary landfills. The
Agency ensures that these facilities meet the strictest disposal
standards in history, and that they are engineered to be fully
protective of human health and the environment, especially
where it concerns any possibility of groundwater
contamination.
This is the Agency’s 14th annual report on landfill disposal and
available landfill capacity in Illinois. The number of active
landfills in Illinois accepting waste in 2000 remained 53.
Sufficient capacity exists to handle the state’s requirements for
landfill disposal of nonhazardous solid waste for the next 15
years.
Regional capacity may be a different matter. The Chicago
Metropolitan and East Central Illinois areas have only seven
and eight years remaining; more transfer stations are needed to
transport waste outside Chicagoland. There is also a possibility
of landfill expansions. Solid waste planners are especially
concerned about this area of the State. Region 7 (Southern
Illinois) has two new facilities under development: Perry Ridge
Landfill and West End Disposal Facility. The state’s newest
landfill is Cottonwood Hills RDF near East St. Louis which opened
in October, 2000.
The State of Illinois, seeking to avoid potential crises, has asked
all Illinois counties to adopt and update every five years well-conceived
plans to accommodate their future disposal needs.
Eighty-one five year plan updates and eight ten year plan
updates have been received from counties.
Additionally, the Illinois EPA’s seven regional offices and 18
counties, the Ambraw Valley Solid Waste Agency and the City
of Chicago have been delegated the authority to inspect
landfills, transfer stations and compost sites in their
jurisdictions, providing a needed service to the citizens of
Illinois. All of these activities are reflected in this publication.
The Illinois EPA hopes you will find this information useful
and instructive and welcomes your comments and suggestions
as to how it may be improved.
Renee Cipriano
Director
Illinois EPA
Preface
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v v
This page left blank intentionally
Additional Information and Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ iii
Photo Credits ................................................................................................................................................ iv
Preface...........................................................................................................................................................v
Tables ..........................................................................................................................................................viii
Executive Summary...................................................................................................................................... xi
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................1
Region One: Northwestern Illinois ............................................................................................................R1.1
Region Two: Chicago Metropolitan ..........................................................................................................R2.1
Region Three: Peoria/Quad Cities ..........................................................................................................R3.1
Region Four: East Central Illinois .............................................................................................................R4.1
Region Five: West Central Illinois ............................................................................................................R5.1
Region Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis ...................................................................................................R6.1
Region Seven: Southern Illinois ...............................................................................................................R7.1
Appendix A: Solid Waste Landfills Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by Facility.................................... A1
Appendix B: Solid Waste Landfills Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by County ................................... B1
Appendix C: Solid Waste Landfills Ranked by Wastes Received: 2000 ....................................................C1
Appendix D: Solid Waste Landfills Ranked by Remaining Capacities; as of Jan. 1, 2001 ........................D1
Appendix E: Solid Waste Transfer Station Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by Facility ....................... E1
Appendix F: Solid Waste Transfer Station Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by County ........................F1
Appendix G: Solid Waste Transfer Stations Ranked by Wastes Received: 2000......................................G1
Appendix H: Landscape Waste Compost Facility Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by Facility ............H1
Appendix I: Landscape Waste Compost Facility Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by County ..............I1
Appendix J: Landscape Waste Compost Facilities Ranked by Wastes Received: 2000...........................J1
Appendix K: Contact List for Solid Waste Planning and Recycling: Alphabetic by County ....................... K1
Appendix L: Adoption Dates and Updates of Solid Waste Management Plans:
Alphabetic by County...............................................................................................................L1
Appendix M: Municipal Waste Generation and Recycling: Alphabetic by County......................................M1
Contents
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v vii
Consolidation of the Waste Industry in the USA............................................................................................2
USA’s Top Waste Management Companies: 2000 .......................................................................................2
Strategies of Waste Companies During and After Mergers...........................................................................2
Illinois Landfills: Wastes Accepted in 2000 Versus 1999 ..............................................................................4
State of Origin of Wastes Received at Illinois Landfills in 2000 ....................................................................5
Wastes Disposed and Landfill Capacity Per Capita; Landfill Life Expectancy..............................................5
Illinois Landfills: Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001 Versus Jan. 1, 2000 ...................................................6
Potential Capacity Increases Since Jan. 1, 2001: Expansions at Existing Facilities ...................................6
New Facilities Since Jan. 1, 2001 ..................................................................................................................7
Statewide Landfill Capacity Is Abundant Despite Even Number of Facilities ...............................................7
Municipal Waste Management Plans and Plan Updates...............................................................................8
Municipal Waste Management in Illinois: 2000..............................................................................................8
Municipal Wastes Generated & Recycled......................................................................................................9
Compost Facilities: Wastes Handled 2000 ..................................................................................................10
New Compost Sites Mentioned in Report ....................................................................................................10
Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000 ....................................................................................................11
Incinerator: Wastes Handled 2000 ..............................................................................................................11
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Regions (map)....................................................15
Landfills: Active, Closed, Under Development (map).................................................................................17
Region One: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses).........................R1.1
Region One: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001.............................R1.2
Region One: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000...........................................................................R1.3
Region One: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000 .......................................................................R1.4
Region One: Municipal Wastes Recycled................................................................................................R1.4
Region Two: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses).........................R2.1
Region Two: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001.............................R2.2
Region Two: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000 .......................................................................R2.3
Region Two: Cook County’s Inactive Compost Sites ..............................................................................R2.3
Region Two: Cook County Transfer Stations and Incinerator (map).......................................................R2.4
Region Two: Chicago Transfer Stations (map)........................................................................................R2.5
Region Two: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000...........................................................................R2.6
Region Two: Municipal Wastes Recycled................................................................................................R2.7
Region Three: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses) ......................R3.1
Region Three: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001 ..........................R3.2
Region Three: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000 ........................................................................R3.3
Region Three: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000 ....................................................................R3.4
Region Three: Municipal Wastes Recycled .............................................................................................R3.4
Tables
viii v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000
Region Four: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses) ........................R4.1
Region Four: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001............................R4.2
Region Four: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000 ..........................................................................R4.3
Region Four: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000 ......................................................................R4.3
Region Four: Municipal Wastes Recycled ...............................................................................................R4.4
Region Five: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses).........................R5.1
Region Five: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001.............................R5.2
Region Five: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000...........................................................................R5.3
Region Five: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000 .......................................................................R5.3
Region Five: Municipal Wastes Recycled................................................................................................R5.4
Region Six: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses)...........................R6.1
Region Six: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001 ..............................R6.2
Region Six: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000.............................................................................R6.3
Region Six: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000.........................................................................R6.4
Region Six: Municipal Wastes Recycled..................................................................................................R6.4
Region Seven: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses) .....................R7.1
Region Seven: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001 .........................R7.2
Region Seven: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000 .......................................................................R7.3
Region Seven: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000....................................................................R7.3
Region Seven: Municipal Wastes Recycled ............................................................................................R7.4
Tables
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v ix
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THIS IS THE ILLINOIS EPA’S 14T H ANNUAL REPORT
describing the management of nonhazardous municipal
solid waste by the state’s solid waste landfills and
transfer stations. The report is divided into sections representing
Illinois EPA administrative regions.
Each regional section includes specification pages describing
the chief physical characteristics of each landfill. Provided are:
its location and hours of operation, tipping fee, quantities of
wastes received for the last three years, the landfill’s certified
remaining capacity for the last two reporting dates, solid waste
management fees paid in 2000, the Agency regional field office
or delegated local authority that inspects the facility, and the
name, address and phone number of the landfill’s owner and
operator.
Similar but scaled down specification pages are included for
each transfer station. In all, this report includes details of 67
landfills, 90 transfer stations and 52 compost facilities.
Illinois municipal solid waste landfills are required to report to
the Illinois EPA the quantities of solid waste they receive each
year, and to calculate and report the amount of remaining
capacity existing on the first day of the following year.
During 2000, 53 landfills reported receiving a total of 49.3
million gate cubic yards of waste. This volume was 1.3 million
gate cubic yards less than the total received during 1999, a 2.5
percent decrease.
As of Jan. 1, 2001, 53 landfills reported having a combined
remaining capacity of 743.4 million gate cubic yards, or 49.3
million gate cubic yards less than on Jan. 1, 2000, a decrease of
6.2 percent.
Dividing wastes disposed during 2000 by capacity remaining on
Jan. 1, 2001, indicates a landfill life expectancy in Illinois of 15
years, at 2000 disposal rates, barring capacity adjustments, until
capacity is depleted state-wide. However, close proximity of
landfills to the waste generation site and also ownership of the
facility can affect where waste is deposited.
Executive Summary
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v xi
Nonhazardous
Solid Waste Management
And Landfill Capacity
2000
Introduction
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE
the garbage discarded by America’s households, stores,
offices, factories, restaurants, schools and other
institutions. “Discarded” most often means disposed of in Agency-permitted
landfills. Increasing amounts are handled through other
means of solid waste management: recycling and composting.
In 2000, Illinois landfills accepted nearly 14.9 million tons of solid
waste. The U.S. EPA’s Municipal Solid Waste in the United States:
1999 Facts & Figures says that nationwide 57 percent of solid
waste was landfilled, 27.8 percent was recycled or composted and
15 percent was incinerated. National figures for 2000 were not
published at the printing of this report.
Most Illinois waste was discarded in landfills within our borders.
Wastes entering and leaving the state are not believed to affect this
equation. Of all solid wastes landfilled in Illinois in 2000, 10
percent, or about 5.1 million tons, came from out of state. We know
this because Illinois landfills must report these quantities to the
Illinois EPA. However, waste haulers are not required to report how
much Illinois waste they transport to landfills in other states or from
which counties waste is transported.
Some is recycled
County recycling coordinators in Illinois claim that more than 35.1
percent of all wastes were recycled in 2000, meaning this portion
was not landfilled. Recycling coordinators place total generated
wastes at about 15.1 million tons. But this total does not take
recycling into account. It appears that perhaps the municipal waste
generation rate is higher than reported; the amount imported is
greater than exported; or the reported recycling rate is higher than
the actual rate.
Very little is incinerated
In Illinois, figures show only one percent of solid waste in Illinois
was incinerated in 2000, compared to the amount landfilled.
Robbins Resource Recovery Facility received 207,095 tons
(683,413 cubic yards) of waste in suburban Chicago in 2000, a 45
percent decrease from 1999. This site was permitted to operate on
June 2, 1997 and closed in November 2000, for business reasons.
What’s happening in the
solid waste business in
Illinois?
v Same number of active landfills as
in 1999, (53 total), with larger
capacities
v Consolidation of waste
management companies, resulting
in many changes in ownership and
operation
v More transfer of wastes out of
metropolitan Chicago area into
Indiana and north and central
Illinois counties
v Continued increase in pollution
control facilities under private
ownership and operation
v Two new landfills are under
development in Southern Illinois
v More siting of transfer stations in
2000 Annual
Report
Topics Covered
¢ Waste disposed in landfills,
1998-2000
¢ Remaining disposal capacity
as of Jan. 1, 2000 and Jan. 1,
2001
¢ Specification pages for 62
landfills, 94 transfer stations and
58 compost sites
¢ Waste generated and recycled,
2000
¢ Waste handled by transfer
stations, 1998-2000
¢ Waste composted,
1998-2000
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 1
Consolidation of the Waste
Industry in the USA
The Illinois waste industry has
consolidated in recent years. Waste
Management, Inc. (WMI) and Allied
Waste Industries (AW) are companies
that under went mergers during
1998-99.
The largest companies in the world
are:
#1 Waste Management Inc.
includes WMI (formerly #1)/USA
Waste (formerly #3)/Eastern
Services
#2 Allied Waste Industries
includes most of BFI (formerly #2)/
Allied Waste (formerly #5)/
American Disposal
The largest company, Waste
Management, has moved its world
headquarters from Oak Brook, Ill. to
Houston, Tex. Another Illinois
company, American Disposal
Company of Burr Ridge, was bought by
Scottsdale, Ariz. based Allied Waste.
Allied Waste also purchased Metro
Chicago area transfer stations formerly
owned by Liberty Waste Services and
Illinois Recycling Services.
Other companies such as Onyx/
Superior and Republic Services now
own landfills and transfer stations in
Illinois, which were divested in the
About $1 million per acre
Developing a landfill requires enormous investments in land and
equipment totaling millions of dollars, plus engineering expenses,
fees to state and local governments, taxes, normal operating costs
and additional millions set aside for post-closure care. One industry
rule of thumb says it takes about $1 million per acre to design,
build, permit, operate and conduct post-closure care at a landfill
today.
Demands for capital and increasing technology requirements are
among the reasons for the increasing privatization of the waste
industry. Of the 53 active landfills profiled in this report, 46 percent
are privately owned and 51 percent are privately operated.
Onyx/
WMI1 AW2 Republic3 Superior4 Totals
Number of Waste
Collection Companies 650 338 139 62 1,189
Number of Landfills 300 164 53 22 539
Number of Transfer
Stations 293 151 79 30 553
Number of Waste to
Energy Facilities 16 0 0 0 16
Number of Recycling
Companies 190 75 21 21 307
Rankings:
1 Waste Management Inc. (WMI) boasts $12.5 billion in revenue,
covers N. American continent and Puerto Rico
2 Allied Waste Industries (AW) boasts $5.7 billion in revenue,
covers 40 states
3 Republic Services (Republic) makes $2.1 billion in revenue,
covers 22 states
4 Onyx/Superior makes $1 billion in revenue, covers 12 states
Source: Company Annual Reports and Web Sites
American Disposal Purchased Pittsburgh-based Liberty Waste Services, Ltd. (Illinois/Indiana); Illinois
(now Allied) & Allied Waste Recycling Services in Chicago metro area; and most of BFI’s facilities.
Republic Services Purchased Southern Illinois Regional Landfill and several transfer stations.
Onyx/Superior Services Purchased Macon County Landfill in Central Illinois, several transfer stations and
Zion Landfill in Chicago suburbs, and Orchard Hills Landfill (Ogle County).
USA’s Top Waste Management Companies: 2000
Strategies of Waste Companies During and After Mergers
2 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000
“Subtitle D Rules” Caused
Drop in Number of Landfills
Federal authority to regulate disposal
of municipal solid waste is based on
provisions in Subtitle D of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). The federal Clean Air and
Clean Water Acts also affect disposal
of these wastes.
Illinois enacted strict solid waste landfill
regulations: Parts 810 through 815 of
Title 35 of the Illinois Administrative
Code on September 18, 1990.
In October 1991, the U.S. EPA
developed new landfill rules that
became mandatory for all state landfill
regulatory and permitting programs.
These are sometimes known as
Subtitle D rules.
Landfills that were operating when the
Subtitle D rules were implemented
were forced to choose between
complying with stricter regulations or
closing in the prescribed manner.
Whether it was the effect of tougher
Subtitle D rules, the result of other
business considerations, or a
combination, one thing is clear:
between 1992 and 1994, the number of
active landfills in Illinois fell from 106 to
59 — a drop of 44 percent, as
illustrated on page 7.
The total number of landfills has
remained steady in 1999 and 2000.
Fifty-three (53) landfills actively
accepted waste in 2000 and reported
capacity as of Jan. 1, 2001.
Landfills are developed cell by cell
Landfills are divided into sections called cells, which are developed
as needed, filled systematically so much so that specific loads can
be located weeks or months later, and covered with soil or other
materials to prevent the spread of odors and vermin.
Trucks arriving at a landfill are inspected for prohibited
nonhazardous wastes (Illinois bans landfilling of liquids, motor oil,
whole tires and landscape wastes) and for hazardous wastes. Loads
are weighed and details about them are recorded. They are then
taken to the currently exposed portion of the active cell, which is
known as the working face.
Trucks empty their loads at the working face, where specially
modified bulldozers spread and compact the waste, crushing it to
eliminate air pockets and squeezing it into the smallest space
possible.
In 2000, 53 Illinois landfills accepted more than 49.3 million cubic
yards of solid wastes. A ranking of these facilities (Appendix C)
finds the top three landfills received one-third of wastes. This
unequal distribution of wastes creates a large difference between an
average landfill, which would have accepted more than 930
thousand cubic yards (about 281 thousand tons) of wastes and a
median landfill, which would have received some 507 thousand
cubic yards (almost 154 thousand tons).
Closings cut capacity
Several landfills shut their gates between 1998 and 2001. The dates
when these landfills ceased accepting waste follow: Region 2: CDT
Landfill (6-9-00), Mallard Lake Landfill (3-13-99), Region 3: Pekin
Landfill (11-18-98), Peoria City/County Landfill #1 (4-10-98), and
Watts Landfill (3-20-98). Peoria City/County Landfill #1 is also
certified closed as of May 18, 1999. The only landfill to close
during 2001 was Region 2: Wheatland Prairie RDF, on June 18th.
Landfills projecting closure dates prior to the end of 2002 are
Region 1: Freeport Municipal LF #4, Region 2: Sexton #2
(Congress Development Co. LF) and Region 6: South Chain of
Rocks RDF.
Region 4’s Coles Co. Landfill and Streator Area Landfill #3 and
Region 7: Saline County LF are planning to expand their permitted
disposal areas and have permit applications that are currently under
review.
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 3
Gate Cubic Yards and Tons
Illinois landfills are required to report to
the Illinois EPA the quantities of wastes
received during each calendar year.
They must also calculate how much
capacity remains available for future
waste disposal.
These figures are submitted to the
Agency in gate cubic yards, or the
volume of waste entering the landfill’s
gate. Remaining capacities are
expressed as certified gate cubic
yards, meaning that the calculations
have been certified as true and
accurate by a licensed professional
engineer. These numbers are found in
the landfill specification pages in each
regional section of this report.
The term in-place cubic yard is used to
indicate wastes that have been
compressed to a half or a third or a
quarter of their original volume,
depending on the degree of
compaction achieved by the landfill.
Gate cubic yards can be difficult to
visualize. To aid the reader, we have
divided gate cubic yards by an industry
standard of 3.3 to achieve approximate
tons.
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill
Capacity in Illinois: 14th Annual Report (2000)
Section 4 of the Illinois Solid Waste Management Act requires the
Agency to “publish a report regarding the projected disposal
capacity available for solid waste in sanitary landfills. . . . Such
reports shall present the data on an appropriate regional basis. . .
[and] shall include an assessment of the life expectancy of each
site.”
This legislative mandate explains why the main body of this report
is organized by seven Illinois EPA administrative regions, and why
landfill capacity and life expectancy are emphasized in nearby
tables and charts, and in text, tables, map symbology and landfill
specification pages in the regional sections.
Other states which write a report similar to this one are Florida,
Indiana, Washington and Virginia. For more information contact
Peter Gorer, Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection at 850-487-
9532; Michelle Weddle, Indiana Dept. of Environmental
Management at 317-233-4624; Ellen Caywood, Washington Dept.
of Ecology at 206-459-6259; and John Ely, Virginia Dept. of
Environmental Quality at 804-698-4249. Virginia’s report is only
available on the internet.
U.S. EPA’s MSW Report, 1999
National solid waste data is available in the report Municipal Solid
Waste in the United States: 1999 Facts & Figures, published July
2000. To get a copy, contact U.S. EPA at www.epa.gov/osw and
search by report number EPA530-R-01-014. This report contains
information about waste generation and categorizes the municipal
solid waste stream by waste type.
Illinois Landfills: Wastes Accepted in 2000 Versus 1999
Landfills
Accepting 2000 Wastes
Wastes Wastes Accepted, Cu. Yds._ Yearly Change_____ Share of
Region 2000 1 2000 2 19993 Cu. Yds. Percent State Total
One: Northwestern Illinois 8 8,550,620 9,276,980 -726,360 -7.8 17.3
Two: Chicago Metropolitan 14 13,435,437 15,829,010 -2,393,573 -15.1 27.3
Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 8 4,454,557 4,354,918 +99,639 +2.3 9.0
Four: East Central Illinois 9 12,772,784 10,976,098 +1,796,686 +14.1 25.9
Five: West Central Illinois 4 1,770,921 1,810,676 -39,755 -2.2 3.6
Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 6 6,369,788 6,519,788 -150,000 -2.3 12.9
Seven: Southern Illinois 4 1,938,073 1,784,045 +154,028 +7.9 3.9
Totals 53 49,292,180 50,551,515 -1,259,335 -2.5 100.0
1 Includes facilities that accepted municipal waste for less than full year.
2 Includes 5,108,405 cubic yards of out-of-state wastes (10% of state total) accepted by 30 Illinois landfills during 2000.
3 Includes 5,088,313 cubic yards of out-of-state wastes (10% of state total) accepted by 28 Illinois landfills during 1999.
4 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000
Per capita views alter perspectives
Perhaps even more revealing is the table below, which views waste
and landfill capacities on a per capita basis. Regions 2 and 7 have
the lowest remaining capacity per capita. These regions are the only
areas whose remaining capacity per capita is below the State
average. This is probably due to the fact that the City of Chicago has
16 transfer stations, Cook County has 26 and there are another 14 in
surrounding counties. Some of these transfer stations undoubtedly
ship waste out of the region or out-of-state into Wisconsin or
Indiana. For Southern Illinois, the additional capacity brought by
two new facilities under development may help increase their
capacity figures in 2001.
We also must take into account waste transportation across borders
of the counties and the adjacent states, such as Missouri in the East
St. Louis Metro Region. If Region Six continues as a net importer
shown in the table by its 54 percent import rate, it could run short on
landfill space in 20 years. Cottonwood Hills RDF, in St. Clair
County, opened in November 2000, will help alleviate this situation.
In Region Two, because of the moratorium against landfills in the
City of Chicago, other areas of Region 2 will have to build new
landfills, expand existing landfills or else transfer of waste will
occur to other States (Wisconsin and Indiana) and counties in North
and Central Illinois. Any limits to out-of-state waste disposal in
these states, or capacity shortage, will affect the Chicago
metropolitan area and cause a local shortage of landfill disposal
space.
Statewide, while the number of active landfills fell sharply when
more stringent regulations took affect in 1994, the average landfill
capacity grew close to 14.7 million tons in 2000, and down to 14.0
million tons in 2001. The waste landfilled has remained in a narrow
range for the past 10 years.
State of Origin of Wastes
Received at Illinois Landfills
in 20001
Ten percent of all solid wastes
landfilled in Illinois in 2000, (5.1 million
tons), came from out-of-state.
However, waste haulers do not report
how much Illinois waste they transport
to landfills in other states or from which
counties in Illinois waste is transported.
State of Origin Percent
Missouri 74%
Iowa 18%
Indiana 3%
Wisconsin 4%
Other States 2 < 1%
Total 100%
1 30 landfills accepted waste from 12
states in 2000.
2 Arkansas, Kansas, Kentucky,
Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Ohio,
and Tennessee
Wastes Disposed and Landfill Capacity Per Capita; Landfill Life Expectancy
Estimated Wastes Disposed, Cu. Yds. Remaining Capacity, Cu. Yds Landfill Life
Region Population 2000 Per Capita Jan. 1, 2001 Per Capita Years1
One: Northwestern Illinois 794,513 8,550,620 10.8 159,606,000 200.9 19
Two: Chicago Metropolitan 8,121,136 13,435,437 1.7 92,794,000 11.4 7
Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 761,207 4,454,557 5.9 179,727,000 236.1 40
Four: East Central Illinois 854,287 12,772,784 15.0 106,418,000 124.6 8
Five: West Central Illinois 557,076 1,770,921 3.2 56,830,000 102.0 32
Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 705,847 6,369,788 9.0 122,585,000 173.7 19
Seven: Southern Illinois 439,319 1,938,073 4.4 25,403,000 57.8 13
Totals 12,233,385 49,292,180 4.0 743,363,000 60.8 15
1 Remaining capacity divided by wastes disposed. Tells how long a region may be served by local landfills at current disposal rates, barring capacity
adjustments, until capacity is depleted.
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 5
Capacity decreases documented on Jan. 1, 2001
In a year that brought a 6.2 percent decrease in landfill capacity, 41 of
53 Illinois landfills had less space available on Jan. 1, 2001, than on Jan.
1, 2000. But, landfill capacity in Illinois, for the most part, has grown
over the past 10 years. That growth has come from two sources:
expansions of existing facilities and development of new landfills.
The table below compares landfills’ remaining capacities in “snapshots”
taken Jan. 1, 2000, and Jan. 1, 2001. Total capacity dropped nearly 50
million cubic yards year to year.
Landfill capacity dipped more than 13.8 percent in Region 5 from one
year to the next. No region reported an increase in capacity, although a
few landfills may have opened new cells during that time period.
Of particular concern is Region 2, the Chicago metropolitan region..
Capacity in that region decreased over nine percent in this reporting
year and siting and developing new landfills can take several years.
Refer to page R2.2 of this report for details about this issue.
Location of active and new landfills are noted on a map on page 17.
Illinois Landfills: Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001 Versus Jan. 1, 2000
Landfills
Reporting Capacity
Capacity Reported Capacity, Cu. Yds.___ Yearly Change_____ Share of
Region 1-1-01 1-1-01 1-1-00 Cu. Yds. Percent State Total
One: Northwestern Illinois 8 159,606,000 175,599,000 -15,993,000 -9.1 21.5
Two: Chicago Metropolitan 13 92,794,000 101,503,000 -8,709,000 -8.6 12.5
Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 1 8 179,727,000 180,290,000 -563,000 -0.3 24.2
Four: East Central Illinois 9 106,418,000 112,259,000 -5,841,000 -5.2 14.3
Five: West Central Illinois 2 5 56,830,000 65,932,000 -9,102,000 -13.8 7.6
Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 6 122,585,000 130,611,000 -8,026,000 -6.1 16.5
Seven: Southern Illinois 4 25,403,000 26,494,000 -1,091,000 -4.1 3.4
Totals 53 743,363,000 792,688,000 -49,325,000 -6.2 100.0
1 Includes capacity at one inactive facility: Spoon Ridge RDF
2 Includes capacity at one inactive facility: Sangamon Valley Landfill
Landfill Capacity Increases Since Jan. 1, 2001: Expansions at Existing Facilities
Region Landfill Municipality County Status1
In-Place
Cu. Yds. Type
Three: Peoria/Quad Cities Atkinson Landfill #22 Atkinson Henry PR 10.2 mil. Lateral &
Vertical
Three: Peoria/Quad Cities Knox County Landfill Watega Knox PR 4.2 mil. Vertical
Four: East Central Illinois Coles County Landfill Charleston Coles PA < 1 mil. Vertical
Four: East Central Illinois Coles County Landfill Charleston Coles PR 1.1 mil. Lateral
Four: East Central Illinois Landfill 33 Effingham Effingham PR 1.2 mil. Vertical
Seven: Southern Illinois Saline County Landfill Harrisburg Saline PR 4.3 mil. Vertical &
Lateral
1PR: Permit under review; PA: Permit approved
2Formerly Henry County Landfill
Total 22 mil.
6 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000
Landfill Capacity Is Abundant Despite Same Number of Facilities
New Facilities Permitted Since Jan. 1, 2001
Region Landfill Municipality County
Disposal Area
(acres)
Design Acreage
(cu. yds.)1
Seven: Southern Illinois Perry Ridge Landfill2 DuQuoin Perry 141 14.5 mil.
Seven: Southern Illinois West End Disposal Facility2 Harrisburg Saline 125 14.9 mil.
1 Includes space for waste, intermediate or daily cover and capacity (in-place cubic yards)
2 Permit approved, site now being developed.
Total 266 29.4 mil.
At the end of each year, Illinois landfill operators calculate how much waste they can accept in the future.
This volume is known as remaining or available capacity, and is expressed in gate cubic yards, meaning
waste received at the landfill’s gate, before it is compacted. One industry rule of thumb says 10 gate
cubic yards of waste can be compressed into 5 compacted cubic yards. Obviously, the greater the
compaction, the more waste can be buried.
Tight Regulations Force Cutbacks Pushing Survivors To Build Capacity
110 106
83
59 58 57 56 58 53 53
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
'91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00
Tougher laws
take effect
351 361 372 363 362
474
412
623
750
793
743
200
275
350
425
500
575
650
725
800
'91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01
31% increase
51% increase
20% increase
Average Landfill Capacity Grows While Disposal Rates Remained Constant
3.1 3 3.3 3.5
4.4
6.1
8.2
7.2
11.1
13.3
14.7
14
0
3
6
9
12
15
'90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01
45
44
42
41 41
47 47
46
40
45
50 49
30
40
50
60
'90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 7
Active landfills accepting waste each year Available landfill space, millions of gate cubic yards
Millions of gate cubic yards Wastes landfilled, millions of gate cubic yards
Municipal Waste
Management Plans
and Plan Updates
The Solid Waste Planning and
Recycling Act requires all Illinois
counties and the city of Chicago to
develop, adopt and implement 20-year
municipal waste management plans.
Every five years, each plan must
identify changes in planning areas,
evaluate progress in plan
implementation and, if necessary,
revise plan recommendations and
goals. The county also has the option
of updating its solid waste generation
rate. The plan is then submitted to the
Illinois EPA for review and comment.
Questions concerning these plans
should be directed to the appropriate
local administrators listed in Appendix
K of this report.
Municipal Waste Management in Illinois: 2000
Municipal waste figures accepted at Illinois landfills (see table on
page 4) show that 49.2 million cubic yards (or 14.9 million tons)
was disposed in 53 landfills. This amount shows 73 percent of the
municipal waste stream as managed by the state’s landfills.
Many compost sites are located at landfills to manage landscape
waste which is banned from disposal. Agency permitted compost
facilities accepted 363,075 tons in 2000. The percentage composted
is one percent of the municipal waste stream. (See table on page 10.)
In 2000, a small amount of suburban Chicago’s waste, one percent
of the municipal waste stream, was incinerated at Robbins Resource
Recovery Facility. The amount incinerated appears in the table on
page 11 as 207,095 tons. Because this site closed, it will no longer
be available as an option for solid waste management in 2001.
Composting
1%
Incinerating
1%
Recycling
25%
Landfilling
73%
Local governments have surveyed haulers and recycling centers to
determine the amount of recycling in their areas. Recycling surveys
voluntarily submitted by recycling coordinators report 5.3 million
tons of the waste stream is recycled. This number includes data
from other years, and is viewed as the most recent available data
(see page 9). Waste generation and recycling figures were prepared
in many cases during the solid waste planning process several years
ago. In many cases, no new research has been done since then.
Landfilling continues to play the largest role in the handling of the
municipal waste stream in Illinois. It is estimated that three-quarters
of the waste stream is handled using this method of disposal.
8 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000
Municipal Waste Management in Illinois: 2000
Results of Illinois Recycling
Economics Study
The National Recycling Economic
Information Study, conducted by R.W.
Beck1 on behalf of the National
Recycling Coalition 2 (NRC), and
commissioned by the U.S. EPA,
identified and documented the impact
of the recycling/reuse industries in the
United States. Illinois was among 12
states researched. Preliminary results
show that Illinois hosts over 2,400
recycling and re-use establishments
employing 56,000 people, generating a
$1.8 billion payroll and earning $12
billion in annual revenues. Visit the
NRC website at www.nrc-recycle.org
for more detail.
1 R.W. Beck Inc. contact: Jonathan Burgiel at 407-
422-4911 or jburgiel@rwbeck.com
2 NRC contact: Kate Krebs at 703-683-9025 or
katek@nrc-recycle.org
Recycled amount is increasing
The amount of municipal waste recycled in the state rose less than
one percent from 1999’s figure, which also rounded to 5.3 million
tons. The percent recycled rose from 35 percent in 1999 to 35.1
percent in 2000 state-wide. Many local governments report that they
have not only met, but have exceeded local recycling goals
mandated by the Solid Waste Planning and Recycling Act.
Municipal Wastes Generated & Recycled
Estimated Waste Generated Waste Recycled_
Region Population Tons PCD Tons Percent
One: Northwestern Illinois 794,513 826,767 5.7 245,786 29.7
Two: Chicago Metropolitan 8,121,136 10,937,982 7.4 4,207,346 38.5
Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 761,207 932,987 6.7 245,191 26.3
Four: East Central Illinois 854,287 939,320 6.0 225,465 24.0
Five: West Central Illinois 557,076 431,045 4.2 115,785 26.9
Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 705,847 644,848 5.0 216,062 33.5
Seven: Southern Illinois 439,319 388,699 4.8 51,567 13.3
Total 12,233,725 15,101,648 6.8 5,307,340 35.1
Who to Call for Help With
Specific Waste Problems
The Illinois EPA supports a number of
waste disposal and recycling efforts aimed
at helping households and selected
institutions safely dispose of household
hazardous waste, scrap tires, leftover
paint, used motor oil, educational
hazardous waste, and more.
To obtain the latest information about these
programs, or to learn the dates, times and
locations of drop-off collections, please call
one of the following:
t Dan Rion, at 217-782-9294,
concerning scheduling of Household
Hazardous Waste collections;
t Tap Hefley, at 217-524-4655,
concerning scrap/used tire disposal;
t Dave Saladino, at 217/558-4115
concerning high school laboratory
hazardous waste and used fluorescent
and high intensity light bulb disposal;
t Dave Anderson, at 217/558-2574,
concerning what to do with waste paint
and used motor oil.
State Solid Waste & Recycling Grants
The Department of Commerce and Community Affairs (DCCA),
Bureau of Energy and Recycling supports a number of grants to
governments, not-for-profit organizations and businesses.
For information about grant programs promoting recycling efforts,
contact these DCCA staff members.
Division and Contact Person Phone
t Recycling & Waste Reduction Division
Reg Willis, Manager 217-782-7887
t Resource Recovery Section
Jeff Markland, Manager 217-524-0933
t Resource Development Section
Dean Bair, Manager 217-785-2006
t Education, Research and Development
Ron Swager, Manager 217-785-3498
For information about recycling publications contact the Solid
Waste Clearinghouse at 800-252-8955 (Illinois only) or
217-785-0211 (out-of-state).
For information regarding the U.S. EPA/National Recycling
Coalition/R.W. Beck study on recycling economics, contact Ron
Swager at the number above.
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 9
Delegated inspection
program
The Illinois EPA has delegated
inspection authority to 18 county
agencies, Ambraw Valley Solid Waste
Agency and Chicago. This program
takes advantage of additional
manpower at the local level.
Delegation agreements authorize these
agencies to conduct many of the duties
that would otherwise be performed by
an Illinois EPA field office: investigating
suspected violations of land pollution
laws and reports of open dumping, and
inspecting landfills, transfer stations
and compost facilities permitted
through the Agency’s Bureau of Land.
Inspections can also include industrial
landfills and monofills (private facilities
that do not accept municipal solid
waste).
Thousands of inspections of pollution
control facilities and other sites were
completed by delegated agencies
during 2000. These efforts at the local
level stimulate the regulated
community to take all necessary steps
to comply with environmental
regulations. Also, prompt response by
local authorities does much to curtail
open dumping, unfortunately a
common practice throughout Illinois. t
Composting is increasing by seven percent a year
Landscape wastes were banned from Illinois landfills beginning July
1, 1990. Since then the number of active compost facilities has
begun to approach the number of active landfills, and may exceed
them in a few years.
As might be expected, composting is most common in Region Two,
where 45 percent of the state’s landscape wastes in 2000 were
processed.
Compost facilities report to the Agency each year the quantities of
wastes accepted. In 2000, the state’s compost facilities processed
363,088 tons of landscape wastes, a one percent increase over
1999’s total of 357,991 tons.
Landscape wastes processed in 2000 represent only about one
percent of total wastes landfilled in Illinois that year. While this
percentage is small, it is important to note that composting kept
more than 360,000 tons of wastes out of landfills. Each ton of waste
not landfilled is a ton of landfill capacity preserved.
New compost sites mentioned in the 14th annual report are Joyce
Farms, Illinois State University (ISU) Compost Site and Excel Corp.
Compost Facility.
Compost Facilities: Wastes Handled 2000
Active
Region Facilities Tons
One: Northwestern Illinois 7 93,017
Two: Chicago Metropolitan 17 186,580
Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 5 12,329
Four: East Central Illinois 6 21,446
Five: West Central Illinois 4 7,635
Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 7 64,807
Seven: Southern Illinois 1 799
Total 47 363,088
New Compost Sites Mentioned in Report
Region Facility Name County Municipality
Two Joyce Farms Compost Facility Kankakee Essex
Four Ill. State University Comp. Site McLean Normal
Five Excel Corp. Compost Facility Cass Beardstown
10 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000
Closure of Robbins
Resource Recovery Facility
On Sept. 15, 2000, operations were
suspended at the Robbins Resource
Recovery Facility, which filed for relief
under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy
Code, and directed 11 contracting
municipalities to deliver their waste to
Homewood Disposal Service Inc.
Controversies arose among the parties
regarding continued force and effect of
the waste disposal agreements under
this arrangement.
Effective July 31, 2001, long term
waste disposal agreements with
Robbins Resource Recovery Partners
were terminated. These agreements
obligated the communities to dispose
of all municipal waste at the waste-to-energy
facility in Robbins at a fixed
price for a twenty year term.
Gerald F. Munitz, of Goldberg, Kohn,
Bell, Black, Rosenbloom and Moritz,
Ltd. served as bankruptcy counsel for
the 11 municipalities and the Southern
Suburban Solid Waste Agency in the
settlement discussions that resolved all
outstanding disputes and resulted in
termination of the waste disposal
agreements.
In 2000, 80 transfer stations handled 4.6 million tons of trash, or
nearly one third of wastes landfilled statewide. If the number of
active landfills falls from 53 in 2000, to the mid-40s, or even the
upper-30s, over the next decade, the number of transfer stations can
be expected to grow, as will the amount of wastes they will handle.
The Agency attempted to get data from transfer stations, but not all
of the facilities chose to voluntarily return the survey, so transferred
amounts are under-represented in this report.
Amount incinerated for energy recovery or volume
reduction is small
An additional 207,095 tons (683,413 cubic yards) of waste was
received at the Robbins Resource Recovery Facility in suburban
Chicago in 2000, a 45 percent decrease from 1999. For business
reasons, the waste -to-energy facility closed in late 2000.
Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000
Active
Region Facilities Tons
One: Northwestern Illinois 7 130,288
Two: Chicago Metropolitan 56 4,319,155
Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 4 19,830
Four: East Central Illinois 6 125,896
Five: West Central Illinois 3 1,076
Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 5 49,990
Seven: Southern Illinois 2 N/A
Total 83 4,646,235
Incinerator: Wastes Handled 2000
Region Tons
Two: Chicago Metropolitan 1 207,095
Total 207,095
1 Robbins Resource Recovery Facility
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 11
Pollution Control Facility
Siting Costs in Chicago
Metropolitan Area
There are no large tracts of land left in
Cook County to build municipal waste
landfills. Development and construction
of a transfer station requires smaller
parcels of land ranging in size from six to
14 acres. Smaller properties might
suffice, but design costs would escalate.
Total costs to site a transfer station in
Chicago might range from $150,000 -
$300,000 plus property costs. Included in
this total are costs associated with legal
negotiations and engineering design.
Additional costs in an urban area would
be those required to follow fire and
building codes.
Transfer stations storing landscape
waste over 24 hours do not require local
siting approval, but do require an Agency
permit. Municipal waste transfer stations
that accept refuse might also wish to
collect and process recyclable items,
including metals and construction and
demolition materials.
Because the Chicago Department of
Environment has additional permitting
and zoning requirements, it may be
easier to site a transfer station in the
suburbs rather than in the City.
Examples of recent construction of
transfer stations show extremes between
state-of-the-art facilities and low tech
facilities. For example, Wheeling
Township Transfer Station (Cook Co./
Glenview) built in 1994, at a cost of $12
million. On the DuPage and Kane
County border, built in March 1999,
DuKane Transfer Station’s entire cost is
estimated at one million dollars. This
includes the purchase of 5.2 acres, siting
studies, design work, engineering
studies, application fee of $120,000,
hearing and court costs. This facility
manages approximately 1,500 tons per
day and is a fairly low-tech operation.
Details about each of these sites (and
others developed and constructed
recently) are found on pages R2.24 to
R2.85.
Permitting Requirements of Illinois EPA
New landfills or landfill expansions cannot be built unless the
Bureau of Land issues a permit. Issuance of a Bureau of Air permit
to a landfill identifying it as a potential new source of air pollution
must also be obtained.
An initial completeness review normally takes 30 days. If omissions
are found, the application is rejected as incomple te. The applicant
then has 35 days to provide additional information to make an
application complete.
Once an application is found to be complete, technical reviews are
done. Rather than sending out a formal denial letter, the reviewer
prepares a draft denial letter which explains the areas in the
application that are deficient. The applicant has a choice of either
providing some additional information in the form of an addenda to
the original application or asking the reviewer for a formal denial
that could be appealed to the Illinois Pollution Control Board.
Additional information is usually provided. Approval or denial of a
permit application takes 180 days, unless an extension is granted.
Approval and/or denial of permit applications
During the review period, comments are solicited from Bureau of
Land’s Regional Office, Groundwater Assistance Unit and the Solid
Waste Unit. After review of the applications, the addenda, and
comments from public officials, the general public and the regional
office, final action is ready to be taken.
If the reviewers have found the application to completely adhere to
applicable environmental regulations, then the permit is approved
outright or with special conditions. If there is something wrong
with the application that either cannot be fixed or the applicant is
unwilling to fix, then, the Permit Section denies the permit.
If the application is denied, an owner/operator could submit a new
application, appeal the Agency’s denial of the permit through the
Illinois Pollution Control Board or they could abandon the project.
Most choose to submit a new application, starting the 180-day
process over.
Permits for landfills contain detailed requirements for the design,
construction, capacity and operation of the landfills. They also
contain stringent requirements for monitoring the groundwater
beneath and around the landfill to detect releases from the landfill
that would adversely impact the quality of the groundwater.
Finally, the permit contains detailed requirements to properly
“close” the landfill once it has been filled to permitted capacity and
to provide for proper care of the landfill after it has been closed.
12 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000
Financial Assurance
Requirements
Funding for landfill closure, post-closure
maintenance and corrective
action must be provided by the landfill
owners and operators, ensuring costs
are not borne by taxpayers. Many
different mechanisms are available to
help landfill owners prove now that
they will be able to pay later.
Financial assurance mechanisms for
landfill closure and long-term care fall
into three broad categories: cash-in-hand,
in the form of trust funds or
escrow accounts; third-party insurance,
including letters of credit and surety
bonds; and various types of self-insurance.
Self-insurance can include
a financial test, a guarantee by a
parent corporation or government
entity, or deferred funding in the form
of pledge of revenues. The state can
further determine which mechanisms
are allowable for publicly and privately
owned landfills and how landfill owners
and operators must provide
accounting.
Closure and long-term cost estimates
are revisited annually for active
landfills. For those which closed under
Part 807 regulations, review takes
place every two years. Costs are
updated based on the remaining
capacity in the landfills, and any
adjustments made for estimated costs
of future leachate disposal, a big part
of post-closure maintenance expenses,
increased costs for electricity and labor
and other items. The funds available
must be adequate to cover the
projected costs.
For more information, about Illinois
regulations regarding financial
assurance contact Blake Harris,
Bureau of Land, at 217-785-8604.
From time to time, the owner/operator of a landfill must modify the
facility’s permit. These modifications can address many things,
including changes in construction and/or operational practices;
construction of cells within the permitted landfill boundaries and
groundwater monitoring issues.
Closure and post-closure care time period
Once a landfill has received its permitted volume of waste, it must
be “closed” in accordance with an approved plan. Proper closure of
a landfill includes establishing a proper grading plan to allow for
precipitation to run off the landfill, constructing a final cover over
the waste to minimize the amount of precipitation which can
infiltrate the landfill, establishing a vegetative cover system over the
final cover system to minimize its erosion and finalizing the gas and
leachate management systems of the landfill to ensure that the gas
and leachate generated in the landfill after the landfill is closed can
be properly managed.
After a landfill has been properly closed, it must then receive at
least 30 years of post-closure care. Proper post-closure care
includes maintaining the vegetative cover to ensure it does not
erode, monitoring the groundwater to ensure there have been no
releases to it from the landfill and removing the gas and leachate
generated in the landfill to ensure that they do not have adverse
impacts on the area surrounding the landfill.
Closure activities, depending on the site, may include: capping the
landfill; installing monitoring devices if they are not already in
place; providing topsoil, seeding, and mulching as necessary; and
possibly converting the land for follow-up use. Routine post-closure
care continues for 30 years after a landfill stops accepting
waste and includes maintaining the surface cover, monitoring gas
and leachate, pumping and transporting leachate, if necessary, and
monitoring groundwater. Estimates for both closure and
post-closure care costs must be based on an engineering estimate of
the cost for a third party to perform the necessary work and
maintenance. Financial assurance is also required for corrective
action, such as remediation of catastrophic events like fire, severe
erosion and groundwater contamination.
Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 13
Solid Waste Landfill Terms
Defined
Closure: procedure that a solid or
hazardous waste management facility
undergoes to cease operations and
ensure protection of human health and
the environment in the future.
Final Cover System: the materials or
layers (i.e., erosion/vegetative layer,
infiltration/barrier layer, drainage layer)
installed over the top of a closed landfill
to minimize infiltration and erosion.
Leachate: any liquid, including any
suspended components in the liquid,
which percolated through or drained
from waste.
Operation & Maintenance: activities
conducted at a site after a final
response action has concluded, to
ensure that the treatment and
containment system is functioning
properly. This may include: grading,
seeding and mowing the vegetative
layer, monitoring and repairing gas and
leachate collection systems; treating
collected leachate; and maintaining
and repairing the physical integrity of
drainage control structures.
Response Action: an action taken to
reduce or control risks to human health
and the environment.
Site investigation: a study designed to
gather data needed to determine the
nature and extent of contamination.
Illinois FIRST -- 33 Abandoned Landfills Targeted for
Clean-up
In March 1999, as part of Governor George H. Ryan’s Illinois
FIRST legislation (a mechanism to provide funds for infrastructure,
roads, schools and transit), the General Assembly appropriated $50
million to remediate 33 abandoned landfills located in 21 counties
throughout the state. Although these landfills stopped accepting
waste, they were not properly closed. Resulting risks include
leachate entering the groundwater aquifers and migrating into a
drinking water source, contaminated surface waters from run-off,
explosions from methane build-up, odors, presence of vectors and
other rodents, exposure to pathogens, infectious wastes or hazardous
substances present in the exposed refuse and uneven terrain or
landslides due to differential settling or unstable slopes.
The remediation work at these landfills will include pumping out
accumulated leachate (rainwater that has been in contact with the
decaying garbage), constructing a new and improved soil cover to
prevent future rainwater infiltration into the landfill, grading and
slope stabilization and seeding for vegetation. Several years of
post-remedial care will also be necessary for maintenance and
monitoring.
After the remedial work is complete, as many as 12 of these
abandoned landfills may be available for use as safe open space,
such as parks and wildlife areas, or serve municipal functions as city
garages or parking lots.
A total of 33 abandoned landfills are identified that require State
funding to insure protection of public health and the environment.
The Illinois FIRST funding includes $10 million each for five State
Fiscal Years during 2000-2004.
Separate appropriations totaling $15 million were approved for
stabilizing and remedial work on what the Illinois EPA had
identified as the “worst” site, Paxton II in southwest Chicago, due to
an imminent threat of a collapse of a portion of the landfill.
The Illinois EPA will make every effort to recover the State’s
remedial costs from the responsible parties.
For more information on Illinois EPA’s response, a report entitled
Illinois First Abandoned Landfill Program is available on our
Bureau of Land website; click on the clean-up programs and state
response program authority links. u
14 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000
Regional offices are located in Rockford, Des Plaines, Peoria, Champaign, Springfield, Collinsville and Marion
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Regions
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Landfills: Active, Closed, Under Development
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Illinois Bureau of Land January 2002 Environmental 1021 North Grand Avenue East Protection Agency P.O. Box 19276 Springfield, IL 62794-9276 IEPA/BOL/01-014 Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois Printed on Recycled Paper 2000 Annual Report Topics Covered ¢ Waste disposed in landfills, 1998-2000 ¢ Remaining disposal capacity as of Jan. 1, 2000 and Jan. 1, 2001 ¢ Specification pages for 62 landfills, 94 transfer stations and 58 compost sites ¢ Waste generated and recycled, 2000 ¢ Waste handled by transfer stations, 1998-2000 ¢ Waste composted, 1998-2000 Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management And Landfill Capacity In Illinois: 2000 Reporting period for waste disposal: Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 2000 Reporting date for landfill capacity: Jan. 1, 2001 This report has been prepared for the Governor of the State of Illinois and the General Assembly in accordance with Section 4 of the Illinois Solid Waste Management Act. Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Bureau of Land Division of Land Pollution Control Solid Waste Management Section 1021 North Grand Ave. East P.O. Box 19276 Springfield, Ill. 62794-9276 Printed on recycled paper. How to Obtain Additional Information To learn more about municipal solid waste landfills, transfer stations or compost facilities in Illinois, please call 217-785- 8604, or write to: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Bureau of Land Solid Waste Management Section P.O. Box 19276 Springfield, IL 62794-9276 Our Internet address is http://www.epa.state.il.us When using courier services (UPS, Airborne, etc.), please use the following street address and zip code: 1021 North Grand Ave. East Springfield, IL 62702 Acknowledgements This document is produced by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Renee Cipriano, Director, and is published by the Agency’s Office of Public Information, Dennis McMurray, manager. The report is printed in the Agency’s print shop. Many thanks go to Tom Davis and Rusty Downs who provided publishing advice to the Primary Editor. Maggie Carson provided editing. Excellent organizational skills and typing was provided by Judy Brubaker, the Section’s clerical support. Illinois EPA Bureau of Land personnel contributed their time and expertise to the development of this publication. Primary Editor was Ellen Gambach of the Solid Waste Management Section. Assistance with compost site permitting and reporting was provided by Gary Cima and Joanie McMillan. Details about new permits issued to transfer stations and landfills was provided by Chris Liebman and Ted Dragovich of Permit Section. Neelu Reddy of Remedial Project Management Section provided information about Illinois FIRST abandoned landfill program; and Jim Moore, explained closure procedures. The Agency also wishes to thank the 18 delegated counties, plus Ambraw Valley Solid Waste Agency and the City of Chicago who inspect and have first-hand knowledge of approximately 50 percent of the landfills, transfer stations and compost sites written about in this report. Our seven regional offices and their regional managers are responsible for inspecting all Agency-permitted pollution control facilities. Additional Information Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v iii Cover Photo: Photo of Cottonwood Hills RDF by Chuck Schaeffer, Inspector, St. Clair County Health Department, Belleville Region 1: Photo of Onyx Orchard Hills Landfill by Joy Bliton, Inspector, Ogle County Solid Waste Management Department, Oregon Region 2: Photo of BFI Zion Landfill by Greg Giroux, Inspector, Lake County Health Department, Waukegan Region 3: Photo of Spoon Ridge RDF by Larry Dutton, Environmental Protection Specialist, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Peoria Regional Office Region 4: Photo of Livingston Landfill by Ken Keigley, Environmental Protection Specialist, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Champaign Regional Office Region 5: Photo of Five Oaks RDF by Weldon Kunzeman, Inspector, Christian County Solid Waste Management, Taylorville Region 6: Photo of Milam RDF by David Walchshauser, former Environmental Protection Program Specialist, St. Clair County Health Department, Belleville Region 7: Photo of Southern Illinois Regional Landfill by George Browning, Inspector, Jackson County Health Department, Murphysboro Photo Credits iv v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 SINCE ITS ESTABLISHMENT IN 1970, THE ILLINOIS EPA has overseen the development and operation of a productive system of modern sanitary landfills. The Agency ensures that these facilities meet the strictest disposal standards in history, and that they are engineered to be fully protective of human health and the environment, especially where it concerns any possibility of groundwater contamination. This is the Agency’s 14th annual report on landfill disposal and available landfill capacity in Illinois. The number of active landfills in Illinois accepting waste in 2000 remained 53. Sufficient capacity exists to handle the state’s requirements for landfill disposal of nonhazardous solid waste for the next 15 years. Regional capacity may be a different matter. The Chicago Metropolitan and East Central Illinois areas have only seven and eight years remaining; more transfer stations are needed to transport waste outside Chicagoland. There is also a possibility of landfill expansions. Solid waste planners are especially concerned about this area of the State. Region 7 (Southern Illinois) has two new facilities under development: Perry Ridge Landfill and West End Disposal Facility. The state’s newest landfill is Cottonwood Hills RDF near East St. Louis which opened in October, 2000. The State of Illinois, seeking to avoid potential crises, has asked all Illinois counties to adopt and update every five years well-conceived plans to accommodate their future disposal needs. Eighty-one five year plan updates and eight ten year plan updates have been received from counties. Additionally, the Illinois EPA’s seven regional offices and 18 counties, the Ambraw Valley Solid Waste Agency and the City of Chicago have been delegated the authority to inspect landfills, transfer stations and compost sites in their jurisdictions, providing a needed service to the citizens of Illinois. All of these activities are reflected in this publication. The Illinois EPA hopes you will find this information useful and instructive and welcomes your comments and suggestions as to how it may be improved. Renee Cipriano Director Illinois EPA Preface Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v v This page left blank intentionally Additional Information and Acknowledgements ............................................................................................ iii Photo Credits ................................................................................................................................................ iv Preface...........................................................................................................................................................v Tables ..........................................................................................................................................................viii Executive Summary...................................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................1 Region One: Northwestern Illinois ............................................................................................................R1.1 Region Two: Chicago Metropolitan ..........................................................................................................R2.1 Region Three: Peoria/Quad Cities ..........................................................................................................R3.1 Region Four: East Central Illinois .............................................................................................................R4.1 Region Five: West Central Illinois ............................................................................................................R5.1 Region Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis ...................................................................................................R6.1 Region Seven: Southern Illinois ...............................................................................................................R7.1 Appendix A: Solid Waste Landfills Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by Facility.................................... A1 Appendix B: Solid Waste Landfills Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by County ................................... B1 Appendix C: Solid Waste Landfills Ranked by Wastes Received: 2000 ....................................................C1 Appendix D: Solid Waste Landfills Ranked by Remaining Capacities; as of Jan. 1, 2001 ........................D1 Appendix E: Solid Waste Transfer Station Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by Facility ....................... E1 Appendix F: Solid Waste Transfer Station Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by County ........................F1 Appendix G: Solid Waste Transfer Stations Ranked by Wastes Received: 2000......................................G1 Appendix H: Landscape Waste Compost Facility Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by Facility ............H1 Appendix I: Landscape Waste Compost Facility Owners and Operators: Alphabetic by County ..............I1 Appendix J: Landscape Waste Compost Facilities Ranked by Wastes Received: 2000...........................J1 Appendix K: Contact List for Solid Waste Planning and Recycling: Alphabetic by County ....................... K1 Appendix L: Adoption Dates and Updates of Solid Waste Management Plans: Alphabetic by County...............................................................................................................L1 Appendix M: Municipal Waste Generation and Recycling: Alphabetic by County......................................M1 Contents Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v vii Consolidation of the Waste Industry in the USA............................................................................................2 USA’s Top Waste Management Companies: 2000 .......................................................................................2 Strategies of Waste Companies During and After Mergers...........................................................................2 Illinois Landfills: Wastes Accepted in 2000 Versus 1999 ..............................................................................4 State of Origin of Wastes Received at Illinois Landfills in 2000 ....................................................................5 Wastes Disposed and Landfill Capacity Per Capita; Landfill Life Expectancy..............................................5 Illinois Landfills: Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001 Versus Jan. 1, 2000 ...................................................6 Potential Capacity Increases Since Jan. 1, 2001: Expansions at Existing Facilities ...................................6 New Facilities Since Jan. 1, 2001 ..................................................................................................................7 Statewide Landfill Capacity Is Abundant Despite Even Number of Facilities ...............................................7 Municipal Waste Management Plans and Plan Updates...............................................................................8 Municipal Waste Management in Illinois: 2000..............................................................................................8 Municipal Wastes Generated & Recycled......................................................................................................9 Compost Facilities: Wastes Handled 2000 ..................................................................................................10 New Compost Sites Mentioned in Report ....................................................................................................10 Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000 ....................................................................................................11 Incinerator: Wastes Handled 2000 ..............................................................................................................11 Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Regions (map)....................................................15 Landfills: Active, Closed, Under Development (map).................................................................................17 Region One: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses).........................R1.1 Region One: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001.............................R1.2 Region One: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000...........................................................................R1.3 Region One: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000 .......................................................................R1.4 Region One: Municipal Wastes Recycled................................................................................................R1.4 Region Two: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses).........................R2.1 Region Two: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001.............................R2.2 Region Two: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000 .......................................................................R2.3 Region Two: Cook County’s Inactive Compost Sites ..............................................................................R2.3 Region Two: Cook County Transfer Stations and Incinerator (map).......................................................R2.4 Region Two: Chicago Transfer Stations (map)........................................................................................R2.5 Region Two: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000...........................................................................R2.6 Region Two: Municipal Wastes Recycled................................................................................................R2.7 Region Three: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses) ......................R3.1 Region Three: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001 ..........................R3.2 Region Three: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000 ........................................................................R3.3 Region Three: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000 ....................................................................R3.4 Region Three: Municipal Wastes Recycled .............................................................................................R3.4 Tables viii v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 Region Four: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses) ........................R4.1 Region Four: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001............................R4.2 Region Four: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000 ..........................................................................R4.3 Region Four: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000 ......................................................................R4.3 Region Four: Municipal Wastes Recycled ...............................................................................................R4.4 Region Five: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses).........................R5.1 Region Five: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001.............................R5.2 Region Five: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000...........................................................................R5.3 Region Five: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000 .......................................................................R5.3 Region Five: Municipal Wastes Recycled................................................................................................R5.4 Region Six: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses)...........................R6.1 Region Six: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001 ..............................R6.2 Region Six: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000.............................................................................R6.3 Region Six: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000.........................................................................R6.4 Region Six: Municipal Wastes Recycled..................................................................................................R6.4 Region Seven: Landfills and Transfer Stations (map depicting capacity gains or losses) .....................R7.1 Region Seven: Landfills: Wastes Accepted 2000; Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001 .........................R7.2 Region Seven: Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000 .......................................................................R7.3 Region Seven: Compost Facilities: Wastes Accepted 2000....................................................................R7.3 Region Seven: Municipal Wastes Recycled ............................................................................................R7.4 Tables Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v ix This page left blank intentionally THIS IS THE ILLINOIS EPA’S 14T H ANNUAL REPORT describing the management of nonhazardous municipal solid waste by the state’s solid waste landfills and transfer stations. The report is divided into sections representing Illinois EPA administrative regions. Each regional section includes specification pages describing the chief physical characteristics of each landfill. Provided are: its location and hours of operation, tipping fee, quantities of wastes received for the last three years, the landfill’s certified remaining capacity for the last two reporting dates, solid waste management fees paid in 2000, the Agency regional field office or delegated local authority that inspects the facility, and the name, address and phone number of the landfill’s owner and operator. Similar but scaled down specification pages are included for each transfer station. In all, this report includes details of 67 landfills, 90 transfer stations and 52 compost facilities. Illinois municipal solid waste landfills are required to report to the Illinois EPA the quantities of solid waste they receive each year, and to calculate and report the amount of remaining capacity existing on the first day of the following year. During 2000, 53 landfills reported receiving a total of 49.3 million gate cubic yards of waste. This volume was 1.3 million gate cubic yards less than the total received during 1999, a 2.5 percent decrease. As of Jan. 1, 2001, 53 landfills reported having a combined remaining capacity of 743.4 million gate cubic yards, or 49.3 million gate cubic yards less than on Jan. 1, 2000, a decrease of 6.2 percent. Dividing wastes disposed during 2000 by capacity remaining on Jan. 1, 2001, indicates a landfill life expectancy in Illinois of 15 years, at 2000 disposal rates, barring capacity adjustments, until capacity is depleted state-wide. However, close proximity of landfills to the waste generation site and also ownership of the facility can affect where waste is deposited. Executive Summary Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v xi Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management And Landfill Capacity 2000 Introduction MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE the garbage discarded by America’s households, stores, offices, factories, restaurants, schools and other institutions. “Discarded” most often means disposed of in Agency-permitted landfills. Increasing amounts are handled through other means of solid waste management: recycling and composting. In 2000, Illinois landfills accepted nearly 14.9 million tons of solid waste. The U.S. EPA’s Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 1999 Facts & Figures says that nationwide 57 percent of solid waste was landfilled, 27.8 percent was recycled or composted and 15 percent was incinerated. National figures for 2000 were not published at the printing of this report. Most Illinois waste was discarded in landfills within our borders. Wastes entering and leaving the state are not believed to affect this equation. Of all solid wastes landfilled in Illinois in 2000, 10 percent, or about 5.1 million tons, came from out of state. We know this because Illinois landfills must report these quantities to the Illinois EPA. However, waste haulers are not required to report how much Illinois waste they transport to landfills in other states or from which counties waste is transported. Some is recycled County recycling coordinators in Illinois claim that more than 35.1 percent of all wastes were recycled in 2000, meaning this portion was not landfilled. Recycling coordinators place total generated wastes at about 15.1 million tons. But this total does not take recycling into account. It appears that perhaps the municipal waste generation rate is higher than reported; the amount imported is greater than exported; or the reported recycling rate is higher than the actual rate. Very little is incinerated In Illinois, figures show only one percent of solid waste in Illinois was incinerated in 2000, compared to the amount landfilled. Robbins Resource Recovery Facility received 207,095 tons (683,413 cubic yards) of waste in suburban Chicago in 2000, a 45 percent decrease from 1999. This site was permitted to operate on June 2, 1997 and closed in November 2000, for business reasons. What’s happening in the solid waste business in Illinois? v Same number of active landfills as in 1999, (53 total), with larger capacities v Consolidation of waste management companies, resulting in many changes in ownership and operation v More transfer of wastes out of metropolitan Chicago area into Indiana and north and central Illinois counties v Continued increase in pollution control facilities under private ownership and operation v Two new landfills are under development in Southern Illinois v More siting of transfer stations in 2000 Annual Report Topics Covered ¢ Waste disposed in landfills, 1998-2000 ¢ Remaining disposal capacity as of Jan. 1, 2000 and Jan. 1, 2001 ¢ Specification pages for 62 landfills, 94 transfer stations and 58 compost sites ¢ Waste generated and recycled, 2000 ¢ Waste handled by transfer stations, 1998-2000 ¢ Waste composted, 1998-2000 Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 1 Consolidation of the Waste Industry in the USA The Illinois waste industry has consolidated in recent years. Waste Management, Inc. (WMI) and Allied Waste Industries (AW) are companies that under went mergers during 1998-99. The largest companies in the world are: #1 Waste Management Inc. includes WMI (formerly #1)/USA Waste (formerly #3)/Eastern Services #2 Allied Waste Industries includes most of BFI (formerly #2)/ Allied Waste (formerly #5)/ American Disposal The largest company, Waste Management, has moved its world headquarters from Oak Brook, Ill. to Houston, Tex. Another Illinois company, American Disposal Company of Burr Ridge, was bought by Scottsdale, Ariz. based Allied Waste. Allied Waste also purchased Metro Chicago area transfer stations formerly owned by Liberty Waste Services and Illinois Recycling Services. Other companies such as Onyx/ Superior and Republic Services now own landfills and transfer stations in Illinois, which were divested in the About $1 million per acre Developing a landfill requires enormous investments in land and equipment totaling millions of dollars, plus engineering expenses, fees to state and local governments, taxes, normal operating costs and additional millions set aside for post-closure care. One industry rule of thumb says it takes about $1 million per acre to design, build, permit, operate and conduct post-closure care at a landfill today. Demands for capital and increasing technology requirements are among the reasons for the increasing privatization of the waste industry. Of the 53 active landfills profiled in this report, 46 percent are privately owned and 51 percent are privately operated. Onyx/ WMI1 AW2 Republic3 Superior4 Totals Number of Waste Collection Companies 650 338 139 62 1,189 Number of Landfills 300 164 53 22 539 Number of Transfer Stations 293 151 79 30 553 Number of Waste to Energy Facilities 16 0 0 0 16 Number of Recycling Companies 190 75 21 21 307 Rankings: 1 Waste Management Inc. (WMI) boasts $12.5 billion in revenue, covers N. American continent and Puerto Rico 2 Allied Waste Industries (AW) boasts $5.7 billion in revenue, covers 40 states 3 Republic Services (Republic) makes $2.1 billion in revenue, covers 22 states 4 Onyx/Superior makes $1 billion in revenue, covers 12 states Source: Company Annual Reports and Web Sites American Disposal Purchased Pittsburgh-based Liberty Waste Services, Ltd. (Illinois/Indiana); Illinois (now Allied) & Allied Waste Recycling Services in Chicago metro area; and most of BFI’s facilities. Republic Services Purchased Southern Illinois Regional Landfill and several transfer stations. Onyx/Superior Services Purchased Macon County Landfill in Central Illinois, several transfer stations and Zion Landfill in Chicago suburbs, and Orchard Hills Landfill (Ogle County). USA’s Top Waste Management Companies: 2000 Strategies of Waste Companies During and After Mergers 2 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 “Subtitle D Rules” Caused Drop in Number of Landfills Federal authority to regulate disposal of municipal solid waste is based on provisions in Subtitle D of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The federal Clean Air and Clean Water Acts also affect disposal of these wastes. Illinois enacted strict solid waste landfill regulations: Parts 810 through 815 of Title 35 of the Illinois Administrative Code on September 18, 1990. In October 1991, the U.S. EPA developed new landfill rules that became mandatory for all state landfill regulatory and permitting programs. These are sometimes known as Subtitle D rules. Landfills that were operating when the Subtitle D rules were implemented were forced to choose between complying with stricter regulations or closing in the prescribed manner. Whether it was the effect of tougher Subtitle D rules, the result of other business considerations, or a combination, one thing is clear: between 1992 and 1994, the number of active landfills in Illinois fell from 106 to 59 — a drop of 44 percent, as illustrated on page 7. The total number of landfills has remained steady in 1999 and 2000. Fifty-three (53) landfills actively accepted waste in 2000 and reported capacity as of Jan. 1, 2001. Landfills are developed cell by cell Landfills are divided into sections called cells, which are developed as needed, filled systematically so much so that specific loads can be located weeks or months later, and covered with soil or other materials to prevent the spread of odors and vermin. Trucks arriving at a landfill are inspected for prohibited nonhazardous wastes (Illinois bans landfilling of liquids, motor oil, whole tires and landscape wastes) and for hazardous wastes. Loads are weighed and details about them are recorded. They are then taken to the currently exposed portion of the active cell, which is known as the working face. Trucks empty their loads at the working face, where specially modified bulldozers spread and compact the waste, crushing it to eliminate air pockets and squeezing it into the smallest space possible. In 2000, 53 Illinois landfills accepted more than 49.3 million cubic yards of solid wastes. A ranking of these facilities (Appendix C) finds the top three landfills received one-third of wastes. This unequal distribution of wastes creates a large difference between an average landfill, which would have accepted more than 930 thousand cubic yards (about 281 thousand tons) of wastes and a median landfill, which would have received some 507 thousand cubic yards (almost 154 thousand tons). Closings cut capacity Several landfills shut their gates between 1998 and 2001. The dates when these landfills ceased accepting waste follow: Region 2: CDT Landfill (6-9-00), Mallard Lake Landfill (3-13-99), Region 3: Pekin Landfill (11-18-98), Peoria City/County Landfill #1 (4-10-98), and Watts Landfill (3-20-98). Peoria City/County Landfill #1 is also certified closed as of May 18, 1999. The only landfill to close during 2001 was Region 2: Wheatland Prairie RDF, on June 18th. Landfills projecting closure dates prior to the end of 2002 are Region 1: Freeport Municipal LF #4, Region 2: Sexton #2 (Congress Development Co. LF) and Region 6: South Chain of Rocks RDF. Region 4’s Coles Co. Landfill and Streator Area Landfill #3 and Region 7: Saline County LF are planning to expand their permitted disposal areas and have permit applications that are currently under review. Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 3 Gate Cubic Yards and Tons Illinois landfills are required to report to the Illinois EPA the quantities of wastes received during each calendar year. They must also calculate how much capacity remains available for future waste disposal. These figures are submitted to the Agency in gate cubic yards, or the volume of waste entering the landfill’s gate. Remaining capacities are expressed as certified gate cubic yards, meaning that the calculations have been certified as true and accurate by a licensed professional engineer. These numbers are found in the landfill specification pages in each regional section of this report. The term in-place cubic yard is used to indicate wastes that have been compressed to a half or a third or a quarter of their original volume, depending on the degree of compaction achieved by the landfill. Gate cubic yards can be difficult to visualize. To aid the reader, we have divided gate cubic yards by an industry standard of 3.3 to achieve approximate tons. Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 14th Annual Report (2000) Section 4 of the Illinois Solid Waste Management Act requires the Agency to “publish a report regarding the projected disposal capacity available for solid waste in sanitary landfills. . . . Such reports shall present the data on an appropriate regional basis. . . [and] shall include an assessment of the life expectancy of each site.” This legislative mandate explains why the main body of this report is organized by seven Illinois EPA administrative regions, and why landfill capacity and life expectancy are emphasized in nearby tables and charts, and in text, tables, map symbology and landfill specification pages in the regional sections. Other states which write a report similar to this one are Florida, Indiana, Washington and Virginia. For more information contact Peter Gorer, Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection at 850-487- 9532; Michelle Weddle, Indiana Dept. of Environmental Management at 317-233-4624; Ellen Caywood, Washington Dept. of Ecology at 206-459-6259; and John Ely, Virginia Dept. of Environmental Quality at 804-698-4249. Virginia’s report is only available on the internet. U.S. EPA’s MSW Report, 1999 National solid waste data is available in the report Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 1999 Facts & Figures, published July 2000. To get a copy, contact U.S. EPA at www.epa.gov/osw and search by report number EPA530-R-01-014. This report contains information about waste generation and categorizes the municipal solid waste stream by waste type. Illinois Landfills: Wastes Accepted in 2000 Versus 1999 Landfills Accepting 2000 Wastes Wastes Wastes Accepted, Cu. Yds._ Yearly Change_____ Share of Region 2000 1 2000 2 19993 Cu. Yds. Percent State Total One: Northwestern Illinois 8 8,550,620 9,276,980 -726,360 -7.8 17.3 Two: Chicago Metropolitan 14 13,435,437 15,829,010 -2,393,573 -15.1 27.3 Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 8 4,454,557 4,354,918 +99,639 +2.3 9.0 Four: East Central Illinois 9 12,772,784 10,976,098 +1,796,686 +14.1 25.9 Five: West Central Illinois 4 1,770,921 1,810,676 -39,755 -2.2 3.6 Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 6 6,369,788 6,519,788 -150,000 -2.3 12.9 Seven: Southern Illinois 4 1,938,073 1,784,045 +154,028 +7.9 3.9 Totals 53 49,292,180 50,551,515 -1,259,335 -2.5 100.0 1 Includes facilities that accepted municipal waste for less than full year. 2 Includes 5,108,405 cubic yards of out-of-state wastes (10% of state total) accepted by 30 Illinois landfills during 2000. 3 Includes 5,088,313 cubic yards of out-of-state wastes (10% of state total) accepted by 28 Illinois landfills during 1999. 4 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 Per capita views alter perspectives Perhaps even more revealing is the table below, which views waste and landfill capacities on a per capita basis. Regions 2 and 7 have the lowest remaining capacity per capita. These regions are the only areas whose remaining capacity per capita is below the State average. This is probably due to the fact that the City of Chicago has 16 transfer stations, Cook County has 26 and there are another 14 in surrounding counties. Some of these transfer stations undoubtedly ship waste out of the region or out-of-state into Wisconsin or Indiana. For Southern Illinois, the additional capacity brought by two new facilities under development may help increase their capacity figures in 2001. We also must take into account waste transportation across borders of the counties and the adjacent states, such as Missouri in the East St. Louis Metro Region. If Region Six continues as a net importer shown in the table by its 54 percent import rate, it could run short on landfill space in 20 years. Cottonwood Hills RDF, in St. Clair County, opened in November 2000, will help alleviate this situation. In Region Two, because of the moratorium against landfills in the City of Chicago, other areas of Region 2 will have to build new landfills, expand existing landfills or else transfer of waste will occur to other States (Wisconsin and Indiana) and counties in North and Central Illinois. Any limits to out-of-state waste disposal in these states, or capacity shortage, will affect the Chicago metropolitan area and cause a local shortage of landfill disposal space. Statewide, while the number of active landfills fell sharply when more stringent regulations took affect in 1994, the average landfill capacity grew close to 14.7 million tons in 2000, and down to 14.0 million tons in 2001. The waste landfilled has remained in a narrow range for the past 10 years. State of Origin of Wastes Received at Illinois Landfills in 20001 Ten percent of all solid wastes landfilled in Illinois in 2000, (5.1 million tons), came from out-of-state. However, waste haulers do not report how much Illinois waste they transport to landfills in other states or from which counties in Illinois waste is transported. State of Origin Percent Missouri 74% Iowa 18% Indiana 3% Wisconsin 4% Other States 2 < 1% Total 100% 1 30 landfills accepted waste from 12 states in 2000. 2 Arkansas, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Ohio, and Tennessee Wastes Disposed and Landfill Capacity Per Capita; Landfill Life Expectancy Estimated Wastes Disposed, Cu. Yds. Remaining Capacity, Cu. Yds Landfill Life Region Population 2000 Per Capita Jan. 1, 2001 Per Capita Years1 One: Northwestern Illinois 794,513 8,550,620 10.8 159,606,000 200.9 19 Two: Chicago Metropolitan 8,121,136 13,435,437 1.7 92,794,000 11.4 7 Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 761,207 4,454,557 5.9 179,727,000 236.1 40 Four: East Central Illinois 854,287 12,772,784 15.0 106,418,000 124.6 8 Five: West Central Illinois 557,076 1,770,921 3.2 56,830,000 102.0 32 Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 705,847 6,369,788 9.0 122,585,000 173.7 19 Seven: Southern Illinois 439,319 1,938,073 4.4 25,403,000 57.8 13 Totals 12,233,385 49,292,180 4.0 743,363,000 60.8 15 1 Remaining capacity divided by wastes disposed. Tells how long a region may be served by local landfills at current disposal rates, barring capacity adjustments, until capacity is depleted. Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 5 Capacity decreases documented on Jan. 1, 2001 In a year that brought a 6.2 percent decrease in landfill capacity, 41 of 53 Illinois landfills had less space available on Jan. 1, 2001, than on Jan. 1, 2000. But, landfill capacity in Illinois, for the most part, has grown over the past 10 years. That growth has come from two sources: expansions of existing facilities and development of new landfills. The table below compares landfills’ remaining capacities in “snapshots” taken Jan. 1, 2000, and Jan. 1, 2001. Total capacity dropped nearly 50 million cubic yards year to year. Landfill capacity dipped more than 13.8 percent in Region 5 from one year to the next. No region reported an increase in capacity, although a few landfills may have opened new cells during that time period. Of particular concern is Region 2, the Chicago metropolitan region.. Capacity in that region decreased over nine percent in this reporting year and siting and developing new landfills can take several years. Refer to page R2.2 of this report for details about this issue. Location of active and new landfills are noted on a map on page 17. Illinois Landfills: Remaining Capacities Jan. 1, 2001 Versus Jan. 1, 2000 Landfills Reporting Capacity Capacity Reported Capacity, Cu. Yds.___ Yearly Change_____ Share of Region 1-1-01 1-1-01 1-1-00 Cu. Yds. Percent State Total One: Northwestern Illinois 8 159,606,000 175,599,000 -15,993,000 -9.1 21.5 Two: Chicago Metropolitan 13 92,794,000 101,503,000 -8,709,000 -8.6 12.5 Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 1 8 179,727,000 180,290,000 -563,000 -0.3 24.2 Four: East Central Illinois 9 106,418,000 112,259,000 -5,841,000 -5.2 14.3 Five: West Central Illinois 2 5 56,830,000 65,932,000 -9,102,000 -13.8 7.6 Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 6 122,585,000 130,611,000 -8,026,000 -6.1 16.5 Seven: Southern Illinois 4 25,403,000 26,494,000 -1,091,000 -4.1 3.4 Totals 53 743,363,000 792,688,000 -49,325,000 -6.2 100.0 1 Includes capacity at one inactive facility: Spoon Ridge RDF 2 Includes capacity at one inactive facility: Sangamon Valley Landfill Landfill Capacity Increases Since Jan. 1, 2001: Expansions at Existing Facilities Region Landfill Municipality County Status1 In-Place Cu. Yds. Type Three: Peoria/Quad Cities Atkinson Landfill #22 Atkinson Henry PR 10.2 mil. Lateral & Vertical Three: Peoria/Quad Cities Knox County Landfill Watega Knox PR 4.2 mil. Vertical Four: East Central Illinois Coles County Landfill Charleston Coles PA < 1 mil. Vertical Four: East Central Illinois Coles County Landfill Charleston Coles PR 1.1 mil. Lateral Four: East Central Illinois Landfill 33 Effingham Effingham PR 1.2 mil. Vertical Seven: Southern Illinois Saline County Landfill Harrisburg Saline PR 4.3 mil. Vertical & Lateral 1PR: Permit under review; PA: Permit approved 2Formerly Henry County Landfill Total 22 mil. 6 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 Landfill Capacity Is Abundant Despite Same Number of Facilities New Facilities Permitted Since Jan. 1, 2001 Region Landfill Municipality County Disposal Area (acres) Design Acreage (cu. yds.)1 Seven: Southern Illinois Perry Ridge Landfill2 DuQuoin Perry 141 14.5 mil. Seven: Southern Illinois West End Disposal Facility2 Harrisburg Saline 125 14.9 mil. 1 Includes space for waste, intermediate or daily cover and capacity (in-place cubic yards) 2 Permit approved, site now being developed. Total 266 29.4 mil. At the end of each year, Illinois landfill operators calculate how much waste they can accept in the future. This volume is known as remaining or available capacity, and is expressed in gate cubic yards, meaning waste received at the landfill’s gate, before it is compacted. One industry rule of thumb says 10 gate cubic yards of waste can be compressed into 5 compacted cubic yards. Obviously, the greater the compaction, the more waste can be buried. Tight Regulations Force Cutbacks Pushing Survivors To Build Capacity 110 106 83 59 58 57 56 58 53 53 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 Tougher laws take effect 351 361 372 363 362 474 412 623 750 793 743 200 275 350 425 500 575 650 725 800 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 31% increase 51% increase 20% increase Average Landfill Capacity Grows While Disposal Rates Remained Constant 3.1 3 3.3 3.5 4.4 6.1 8.2 7.2 11.1 13.3 14.7 14 0 3 6 9 12 15 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 45 44 42 41 41 47 47 46 40 45 50 49 30 40 50 60 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 7 Active landfills accepting waste each year Available landfill space, millions of gate cubic yards Millions of gate cubic yards Wastes landfilled, millions of gate cubic yards Municipal Waste Management Plans and Plan Updates The Solid Waste Planning and Recycling Act requires all Illinois counties and the city of Chicago to develop, adopt and implement 20-year municipal waste management plans. Every five years, each plan must identify changes in planning areas, evaluate progress in plan implementation and, if necessary, revise plan recommendations and goals. The county also has the option of updating its solid waste generation rate. The plan is then submitted to the Illinois EPA for review and comment. Questions concerning these plans should be directed to the appropriate local administrators listed in Appendix K of this report. Municipal Waste Management in Illinois: 2000 Municipal waste figures accepted at Illinois landfills (see table on page 4) show that 49.2 million cubic yards (or 14.9 million tons) was disposed in 53 landfills. This amount shows 73 percent of the municipal waste stream as managed by the state’s landfills. Many compost sites are located at landfills to manage landscape waste which is banned from disposal. Agency permitted compost facilities accepted 363,075 tons in 2000. The percentage composted is one percent of the municipal waste stream. (See table on page 10.) In 2000, a small amount of suburban Chicago’s waste, one percent of the municipal waste stream, was incinerated at Robbins Resource Recovery Facility. The amount incinerated appears in the table on page 11 as 207,095 tons. Because this site closed, it will no longer be available as an option for solid waste management in 2001. Composting 1% Incinerating 1% Recycling 25% Landfilling 73% Local governments have surveyed haulers and recycling centers to determine the amount of recycling in their areas. Recycling surveys voluntarily submitted by recycling coordinators report 5.3 million tons of the waste stream is recycled. This number includes data from other years, and is viewed as the most recent available data (see page 9). Waste generation and recycling figures were prepared in many cases during the solid waste planning process several years ago. In many cases, no new research has been done since then. Landfilling continues to play the largest role in the handling of the municipal waste stream in Illinois. It is estimated that three-quarters of the waste stream is handled using this method of disposal. 8 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 Municipal Waste Management in Illinois: 2000 Results of Illinois Recycling Economics Study The National Recycling Economic Information Study, conducted by R.W. Beck1 on behalf of the National Recycling Coalition 2 (NRC), and commissioned by the U.S. EPA, identified and documented the impact of the recycling/reuse industries in the United States. Illinois was among 12 states researched. Preliminary results show that Illinois hosts over 2,400 recycling and re-use establishments employing 56,000 people, generating a $1.8 billion payroll and earning $12 billion in annual revenues. Visit the NRC website at www.nrc-recycle.org for more detail. 1 R.W. Beck Inc. contact: Jonathan Burgiel at 407- 422-4911 or jburgiel@rwbeck.com 2 NRC contact: Kate Krebs at 703-683-9025 or katek@nrc-recycle.org Recycled amount is increasing The amount of municipal waste recycled in the state rose less than one percent from 1999’s figure, which also rounded to 5.3 million tons. The percent recycled rose from 35 percent in 1999 to 35.1 percent in 2000 state-wide. Many local governments report that they have not only met, but have exceeded local recycling goals mandated by the Solid Waste Planning and Recycling Act. Municipal Wastes Generated & Recycled Estimated Waste Generated Waste Recycled_ Region Population Tons PCD Tons Percent One: Northwestern Illinois 794,513 826,767 5.7 245,786 29.7 Two: Chicago Metropolitan 8,121,136 10,937,982 7.4 4,207,346 38.5 Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 761,207 932,987 6.7 245,191 26.3 Four: East Central Illinois 854,287 939,320 6.0 225,465 24.0 Five: West Central Illinois 557,076 431,045 4.2 115,785 26.9 Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 705,847 644,848 5.0 216,062 33.5 Seven: Southern Illinois 439,319 388,699 4.8 51,567 13.3 Total 12,233,725 15,101,648 6.8 5,307,340 35.1 Who to Call for Help With Specific Waste Problems The Illinois EPA supports a number of waste disposal and recycling efforts aimed at helping households and selected institutions safely dispose of household hazardous waste, scrap tires, leftover paint, used motor oil, educational hazardous waste, and more. To obtain the latest information about these programs, or to learn the dates, times and locations of drop-off collections, please call one of the following: t Dan Rion, at 217-782-9294, concerning scheduling of Household Hazardous Waste collections; t Tap Hefley, at 217-524-4655, concerning scrap/used tire disposal; t Dave Saladino, at 217/558-4115 concerning high school laboratory hazardous waste and used fluorescent and high intensity light bulb disposal; t Dave Anderson, at 217/558-2574, concerning what to do with waste paint and used motor oil. State Solid Waste & Recycling Grants The Department of Commerce and Community Affairs (DCCA), Bureau of Energy and Recycling supports a number of grants to governments, not-for-profit organizations and businesses. For information about grant programs promoting recycling efforts, contact these DCCA staff members. Division and Contact Person Phone t Recycling & Waste Reduction Division Reg Willis, Manager 217-782-7887 t Resource Recovery Section Jeff Markland, Manager 217-524-0933 t Resource Development Section Dean Bair, Manager 217-785-2006 t Education, Research and Development Ron Swager, Manager 217-785-3498 For information about recycling publications contact the Solid Waste Clearinghouse at 800-252-8955 (Illinois only) or 217-785-0211 (out-of-state). For information regarding the U.S. EPA/National Recycling Coalition/R.W. Beck study on recycling economics, contact Ron Swager at the number above. Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 9 Delegated inspection program The Illinois EPA has delegated inspection authority to 18 county agencies, Ambraw Valley Solid Waste Agency and Chicago. This program takes advantage of additional manpower at the local level. Delegation agreements authorize these agencies to conduct many of the duties that would otherwise be performed by an Illinois EPA field office: investigating suspected violations of land pollution laws and reports of open dumping, and inspecting landfills, transfer stations and compost facilities permitted through the Agency’s Bureau of Land. Inspections can also include industrial landfills and monofills (private facilities that do not accept municipal solid waste). Thousands of inspections of pollution control facilities and other sites were completed by delegated agencies during 2000. These efforts at the local level stimulate the regulated community to take all necessary steps to comply with environmental regulations. Also, prompt response by local authorities does much to curtail open dumping, unfortunately a common practice throughout Illinois. t Composting is increasing by seven percent a year Landscape wastes were banned from Illinois landfills beginning July 1, 1990. Since then the number of active compost facilities has begun to approach the number of active landfills, and may exceed them in a few years. As might be expected, composting is most common in Region Two, where 45 percent of the state’s landscape wastes in 2000 were processed. Compost facilities report to the Agency each year the quantities of wastes accepted. In 2000, the state’s compost facilities processed 363,088 tons of landscape wastes, a one percent increase over 1999’s total of 357,991 tons. Landscape wastes processed in 2000 represent only about one percent of total wastes landfilled in Illinois that year. While this percentage is small, it is important to note that composting kept more than 360,000 tons of wastes out of landfills. Each ton of waste not landfilled is a ton of landfill capacity preserved. New compost sites mentioned in the 14th annual report are Joyce Farms, Illinois State University (ISU) Compost Site and Excel Corp. Compost Facility. Compost Facilities: Wastes Handled 2000 Active Region Facilities Tons One: Northwestern Illinois 7 93,017 Two: Chicago Metropolitan 17 186,580 Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 5 12,329 Four: East Central Illinois 6 21,446 Five: West Central Illinois 4 7,635 Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 7 64,807 Seven: Southern Illinois 1 799 Total 47 363,088 New Compost Sites Mentioned in Report Region Facility Name County Municipality Two Joyce Farms Compost Facility Kankakee Essex Four Ill. State University Comp. Site McLean Normal Five Excel Corp. Compost Facility Cass Beardstown 10 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 Closure of Robbins Resource Recovery Facility On Sept. 15, 2000, operations were suspended at the Robbins Resource Recovery Facility, which filed for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, and directed 11 contracting municipalities to deliver their waste to Homewood Disposal Service Inc. Controversies arose among the parties regarding continued force and effect of the waste disposal agreements under this arrangement. Effective July 31, 2001, long term waste disposal agreements with Robbins Resource Recovery Partners were terminated. These agreements obligated the communities to dispose of all municipal waste at the waste-to-energy facility in Robbins at a fixed price for a twenty year term. Gerald F. Munitz, of Goldberg, Kohn, Bell, Black, Rosenbloom and Moritz, Ltd. served as bankruptcy counsel for the 11 municipalities and the Southern Suburban Solid Waste Agency in the settlement discussions that resolved all outstanding disputes and resulted in termination of the waste disposal agreements. In 2000, 80 transfer stations handled 4.6 million tons of trash, or nearly one third of wastes landfilled statewide. If the number of active landfills falls from 53 in 2000, to the mid-40s, or even the upper-30s, over the next decade, the number of transfer stations can be expected to grow, as will the amount of wastes they will handle. The Agency attempted to get data from transfer stations, but not all of the facilities chose to voluntarily return the survey, so transferred amounts are under-represented in this report. Amount incinerated for energy recovery or volume reduction is small An additional 207,095 tons (683,413 cubic yards) of waste was received at the Robbins Resource Recovery Facility in suburban Chicago in 2000, a 45 percent decrease from 1999. For business reasons, the waste -to-energy facility closed in late 2000. Transfer Stations: Wastes Handled 2000 Active Region Facilities Tons One: Northwestern Illinois 7 130,288 Two: Chicago Metropolitan 56 4,319,155 Three: Peoria/Quad Cities 4 19,830 Four: East Central Illinois 6 125,896 Five: West Central Illinois 3 1,076 Six: Metropolitan East St. Louis 5 49,990 Seven: Southern Illinois 2 N/A Total 83 4,646,235 Incinerator: Wastes Handled 2000 Region Tons Two: Chicago Metropolitan 1 207,095 Total 207,095 1 Robbins Resource Recovery Facility Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 11 Pollution Control Facility Siting Costs in Chicago Metropolitan Area There are no large tracts of land left in Cook County to build municipal waste landfills. Development and construction of a transfer station requires smaller parcels of land ranging in size from six to 14 acres. Smaller properties might suffice, but design costs would escalate. Total costs to site a transfer station in Chicago might range from $150,000 - $300,000 plus property costs. Included in this total are costs associated with legal negotiations and engineering design. Additional costs in an urban area would be those required to follow fire and building codes. Transfer stations storing landscape waste over 24 hours do not require local siting approval, but do require an Agency permit. Municipal waste transfer stations that accept refuse might also wish to collect and process recyclable items, including metals and construction and demolition materials. Because the Chicago Department of Environment has additional permitting and zoning requirements, it may be easier to site a transfer station in the suburbs rather than in the City. Examples of recent construction of transfer stations show extremes between state-of-the-art facilities and low tech facilities. For example, Wheeling Township Transfer Station (Cook Co./ Glenview) built in 1994, at a cost of $12 million. On the DuPage and Kane County border, built in March 1999, DuKane Transfer Station’s entire cost is estimated at one million dollars. This includes the purchase of 5.2 acres, siting studies, design work, engineering studies, application fee of $120,000, hearing and court costs. This facility manages approximately 1,500 tons per day and is a fairly low-tech operation. Details about each of these sites (and others developed and constructed recently) are found on pages R2.24 to R2.85. Permitting Requirements of Illinois EPA New landfills or landfill expansions cannot be built unless the Bureau of Land issues a permit. Issuance of a Bureau of Air permit to a landfill identifying it as a potential new source of air pollution must also be obtained. An initial completeness review normally takes 30 days. If omissions are found, the application is rejected as incomple te. The applicant then has 35 days to provide additional information to make an application complete. Once an application is found to be complete, technical reviews are done. Rather than sending out a formal denial letter, the reviewer prepares a draft denial letter which explains the areas in the application that are deficient. The applicant has a choice of either providing some additional information in the form of an addenda to the original application or asking the reviewer for a formal denial that could be appealed to the Illinois Pollution Control Board. Additional information is usually provided. Approval or denial of a permit application takes 180 days, unless an extension is granted. Approval and/or denial of permit applications During the review period, comments are solicited from Bureau of Land’s Regional Office, Groundwater Assistance Unit and the Solid Waste Unit. After review of the applications, the addenda, and comments from public officials, the general public and the regional office, final action is ready to be taken. If the reviewers have found the application to completely adhere to applicable environmental regulations, then the permit is approved outright or with special conditions. If there is something wrong with the application that either cannot be fixed or the applicant is unwilling to fix, then, the Permit Section denies the permit. If the application is denied, an owner/operator could submit a new application, appeal the Agency’s denial of the permit through the Illinois Pollution Control Board or they could abandon the project. Most choose to submit a new application, starting the 180-day process over. Permits for landfills contain detailed requirements for the design, construction, capacity and operation of the landfills. They also contain stringent requirements for monitoring the groundwater beneath and around the landfill to detect releases from the landfill that would adversely impact the quality of the groundwater. Finally, the permit contains detailed requirements to properly “close” the landfill once it has been filled to permitted capacity and to provide for proper care of the landfill after it has been closed. 12 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 Financial Assurance Requirements Funding for landfill closure, post-closure maintenance and corrective action must be provided by the landfill owners and operators, ensuring costs are not borne by taxpayers. Many different mechanisms are available to help landfill owners prove now that they will be able to pay later. Financial assurance mechanisms for landfill closure and long-term care fall into three broad categories: cash-in-hand, in the form of trust funds or escrow accounts; third-party insurance, including letters of credit and surety bonds; and various types of self-insurance. Self-insurance can include a financial test, a guarantee by a parent corporation or government entity, or deferred funding in the form of pledge of revenues. The state can further determine which mechanisms are allowable for publicly and privately owned landfills and how landfill owners and operators must provide accounting. Closure and long-term cost estimates are revisited annually for active landfills. For those which closed under Part 807 regulations, review takes place every two years. Costs are updated based on the remaining capacity in the landfills, and any adjustments made for estimated costs of future leachate disposal, a big part of post-closure maintenance expenses, increased costs for electricity and labor and other items. The funds available must be adequate to cover the projected costs. For more information, about Illinois regulations regarding financial assurance contact Blake Harris, Bureau of Land, at 217-785-8604. From time to time, the owner/operator of a landfill must modify the facility’s permit. These modifications can address many things, including changes in construction and/or operational practices; construction of cells within the permitted landfill boundaries and groundwater monitoring issues. Closure and post-closure care time period Once a landfill has received its permitted volume of waste, it must be “closed” in accordance with an approved plan. Proper closure of a landfill includes establishing a proper grading plan to allow for precipitation to run off the landfill, constructing a final cover over the waste to minimize the amount of precipitation which can infiltrate the landfill, establishing a vegetative cover system over the final cover system to minimize its erosion and finalizing the gas and leachate management systems of the landfill to ensure that the gas and leachate generated in the landfill after the landfill is closed can be properly managed. After a landfill has been properly closed, it must then receive at least 30 years of post-closure care. Proper post-closure care includes maintaining the vegetative cover to ensure it does not erode, monitoring the groundwater to ensure there have been no releases to it from the landfill and removing the gas and leachate generated in the landfill to ensure that they do not have adverse impacts on the area surrounding the landfill. Closure activities, depending on the site, may include: capping the landfill; installing monitoring devices if they are not already in place; providing topsoil, seeding, and mulching as necessary; and possibly converting the land for follow-up use. Routine post-closure care continues for 30 years after a landfill stops accepting waste and includes maintaining the surface cover, monitoring gas and leachate, pumping and transporting leachate, if necessary, and monitoring groundwater. Estimates for both closure and post-closure care costs must be based on an engineering estimate of the cost for a third party to perform the necessary work and maintenance. Financial assurance is also required for corrective action, such as remediation of catastrophic events like fire, severe erosion and groundwater contamination. Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 13 Solid Waste Landfill Terms Defined Closure: procedure that a solid or hazardous waste management facility undergoes to cease operations and ensure protection of human health and the environment in the future. Final Cover System: the materials or layers (i.e., erosion/vegetative layer, infiltration/barrier layer, drainage layer) installed over the top of a closed landfill to minimize infiltration and erosion. Leachate: any liquid, including any suspended components in the liquid, which percolated through or drained from waste. Operation & Maintenance: activities conducted at a site after a final response action has concluded, to ensure that the treatment and containment system is functioning properly. This may include: grading, seeding and mowing the vegetative layer, monitoring and repairing gas and leachate collection systems; treating collected leachate; and maintaining and repairing the physical integrity of drainage control structures. Response Action: an action taken to reduce or control risks to human health and the environment. Site investigation: a study designed to gather data needed to determine the nature and extent of contamination. Illinois FIRST -- 33 Abandoned Landfills Targeted for Clean-up In March 1999, as part of Governor George H. Ryan’s Illinois FIRST legislation (a mechanism to provide funds for infrastructure, roads, schools and transit), the General Assembly appropriated $50 million to remediate 33 abandoned landfills located in 21 counties throughout the state. Although these landfills stopped accepting waste, they were not properly closed. Resulting risks include leachate entering the groundwater aquifers and migrating into a drinking water source, contaminated surface waters from run-off, explosions from methane build-up, odors, presence of vectors and other rodents, exposure to pathogens, infectious wastes or hazardous substances present in the exposed refuse and uneven terrain or landslides due to differential settling or unstable slopes. The remediation work at these landfills will include pumping out accumulated leachate (rainwater that has been in contact with the decaying garbage), constructing a new and improved soil cover to prevent future rainwater infiltration into the landfill, grading and slope stabilization and seeding for vegetation. Several years of post-remedial care will also be necessary for maintenance and monitoring. After the remedial work is complete, as many as 12 of these abandoned landfills may be available for use as safe open space, such as parks and wildlife areas, or serve municipal functions as city garages or parking lots. A total of 33 abandoned landfills are identified that require State funding to insure protection of public health and the environment. The Illinois FIRST funding includes $10 million each for five State Fiscal Years during 2000-2004. Separate appropriations totaling $15 million were approved for stabilizing and remedial work on what the Illinois EPA had identified as the “worst” site, Paxton II in southwest Chicago, due to an imminent threat of a collapse of a portion of the landfill. The Illinois EPA will make every effort to recover the State’s remedial costs from the responsible parties. For more information on Illinois EPA’s response, a report entitled Illinois First Abandoned Landfill Program is available on our Bureau of Land website; click on the clean-up programs and state response program authority links. u 14 v Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 Regional offices are located in Rockford, Des Plaines, Peoria, Champaign, Springfield, Collinsville and Marion Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Administrative Regions Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 15 This page left blank intentially Landfills: Active, Closed, Under Development Nonhazardous Solid Waste Management and Landfill Capacity in Illinois: 2000 v 17

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