20th century atlas of DuPage County, Illinois containing maps of villages, cities and townships of the State, United States and world.

              SUPPLEMENT XVII.
ANCIENT. MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY.
1815 Napoleon   abolishes    the    slave    trade,
March  29. Leaves Paris for the army, June 12. He Invades Belgium, June 15. Final overthrow of Napoleon at battle of
Waterloo, June 18. Napoleon reaches Paris, June 20. Abdicates In favor of his son, June 22. He reaches Rochefort, where he intends
to embark for America,  July 3. Entry of Louis XVIII. into Paris, July 3. Napoleon   goes   on   board  the  "Bellero-
phon" and claims the "hospitality" of
England, July 15. Upon reaching England he is transferred
to the "Northumberland," and sent a
prisoner to St. Helena, Aug, 8, where
he   arrives   Oct.   15. Execution  of  Marshal  Ney,  Dec.   7.
1816 The family of Napoleon forever excluded
from the throne of France.
1820 Assassination of the Duke de Berri, Feb.
13.
1821 Death   of   Napoleon   I.   at   St.   Helena,
May 5. 1824   Death of Louis XVIII., Sept, 16,
Charles X. becomes king. 1827   National Guard disbanded.
War with Algiers.
Serious riots in Paris.
Seventy-six new peers created.
1829 The Folignac administration organized.
1830 Chamber of Deputies dissolved. May 16. Capture of Algiers by the French, July 5. Revolution  and  barricade  of streets  in
Paris, July 27. Plight and abdication of Charles X., July
31. Unpopular  ordinances  passed  regarding
the election of deputies and the press,
July 26. Duke   of   Orleans   becomes   King   Louis
Philllpe I. Polignac and the ministers of Charles X.
sentenced to perpetual imprisonment,
1831 Great riots in Paris, Feb. 14 and 15. The hereditary peerage abolished.
1832 Insurrection in Paris suppressed. Death of Napoleon II.,  Duke of Reich-
stadt,   July   22. Attempted   assassination   of   the   King, Dec. 27.
1834 Death of Lafayette,   May 20.
1835 Fieschi attempts, with an infernal ma¬
chine, to kill the King, July 28, and is executed,  Feb. 6, 1836.
1836 Louis Allbaud fires at the king, June .25;
is guillotined, July 11. , Death of Charles X., Nov. 6.
Prince Louis Napoleon attempts an in¬ surrection at Strasbourg, Oct. 30; is banished to America, Nov. 13.
The ministers of Charles X. set at liberty and sent out of Prance.
Meunier attempts to kill the king.
1838 Death  of  Tallyrand,  May 14. War with Mexico.
1839 Insurrections In Paris.
1840 M.  Thiers becomes Prime  Minister. Prince Louis Napoleon, General Monthol-
on, and others, attempt an insurrection
at Boulogne, Aug. 6. Prince Louis Napoleon sentenced to im¬ prisonment for life, and confined in the
castle of Ham, Oct. 6. Darmes   attempts   to   shoot   the   king,
Oct. 15. Removal of the remains of the Emperor
Napoleon I. from St. Helena to Paris,
Dec. 15.
1842 The  Duke  of Orleans,   the  heir to the
throne, dies from the effect of a fall, July 13.
1843 Queen  Victoria,  of England,   visits  the
royal family at the Chateau d' Eu. Extradition treaty with England.
1846 Lecompte   attempts   to   assassinate   the
king at Fontainebleau, April 16. Louis Napoleon escapes from HaiS., May
25. Jeseph Henri attempts to kill the king,
July 29.
1847 Jerome   Bonaparte   returns   to   Prance
after an exile of thirty-two years. Death of the ex-Empress Marie Louise. Surrender of Abd-el-Kader to the French. |J48   "Reform banquet" prohibited.
Revolution of February 22, and barricade
of the streets of Paris. FUght and abdication of the King, Feb.
21. • The second republic proclaimed, Feb. 26. The provisional government succeeded by
an executive   commission,   named   by
the Assembly,  May 7. Louis Napoleon elected to the National
Assembly   from   the   Seine   and   three
other departments,  June 13. Outbreak   of   the   Red   Republicans   in
Paris, June 23.
1849 Severe fighting in Paris, June 23 to 26;
16,000 persons killed, including the Archbishop   of   Paris.
Surrender of the insurgents, June 26.
Gen. Cavaignac at the head of the gov¬ ernment,   June   28.
Louis Napoleon takes his seat in the Assembly, Sept. 26.
The Constitution of the republic solemn¬ ly proclaimed, Nov. 12.
Louis Napoleon elected president of the French Republic, Dec. 11.
He takes the oath of office, Dec. 20.
1850 Death of Louis PhiUppe,  at Claremont,
in England,  Aug. 26. Freedom of the press curtailed.
1851 Electric telegraph between England and
France opened.
The Coup d'Etat.
Napoleon dissolves the Assembly and proclaims universal suffrage.
Calls for an election of President for ten years.
Declares Paris In a state of siege.
Arrest of the prime minister, Thiers, and 180 members of the Assembly.
The President crushes the opposition, with great loss of life, Dec. 3, 4.
The Coup d'Etat sustained by the people at the polls, and Louis Napoleon re¬ elected President for ten years, Dec. 21, 22; affirmative votes, 7,473,431; negative, 644,351.
1852 President  Louis Napoleon   occupies  the
Tulleries, Jan. 1.
The new constitution published, Jan. 14.
Banishment of 83 members of the As¬ sembly, and transportation of nearly 600  persons for resisting coup d'etat.
The property of the Orleans family con-
The birthday of Napoleon I., Aug. 15, declared the only national holiday.
Organization of the Legislative Cham¬ bers, the Senate and Corps Legislatlf, March 29.
The  President visits Strasbourg.
M. Thiers and the exiles permitted to re¬ turn to  France,  Aug.   8.
The Senate petitions the President for "the re-establlshment of the hereditary sovereign power in the Bonaparte fam¬ ily,"  Sept.  13.
The President visits the Southern and Western Departments, September and October; at Bordeaux utters his fa¬ mous expression, "The Empire is Peace."
The President releases Abd-el-Kader, Oct. 16.
Measures for the re-establishment of the empire Inaugurated, October and No¬ vember.
The empire re-established by the popu¬ lar vote, Nov. 21; yeas, 7,839,552; nays, 254,501; the President declared Emper¬ or, and assumes the title of Napoleon III., Dec. 2. 1853   Napoleon marries Eugenie de Montigo,
.   Countess of Teba,   Jan.  29.
The Emperor releases 4,312 political of¬ fenders,   Feb.  2.
Bread riots in Paris, and other cities.
1853 Death of P. Arago, the astronomer, Oct.
2. Attempt to assassinate the Emperor.
1854 Beginning of the Crimean war. Treaty of Constantinople, March 12. War declared with Russia,  March 27.
1855 Emperor   and   Empress   visit   England,
April.
Industrial exhibition opened at Paris, May 15.
Pianori attempts to assassinate the Em¬ peror,   April   28.
Bellemarre attempts to assassinate the Emperor,   Sept.  8.
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert visit France,  August.
1856 Birth of the Prince Imperial, March 16. Close   of   the   Crimean   war,   and   the
treaty of Paris, March 30. Terrible inundations in the Southern De¬ partments.
1857 The   Archbishop   of   Paris   (SIi.   ur)   as¬
sassinated by a priest named Merger, June 3.
Conference on Neuchatel difficulty, March  15.
Conspiracy to assassinate the Emperor detected,  July 11.
Visit of the Emperor and Empress to England.
Death of Gen. Cavaignac, Oct.  28.
The Emperor Napoleon meets the Em¬ peror of Russia, at Stuttgart, Sept. 25.
1858 Orsini   and   others   attempt   to   kill   the
Emperor by the explosion of three shells; two persons killed and several wounded, Jan. 24.
Passage of the Public Safety BUI.
Trial of the Count de Montalembert.
The Empire divided into five military de¬ partments.
Republican outbreak at Chalons crushed.
Orsini and Pietri executed for attempt¬ ing to assassinate the Emperor.
Visit of the Queen of England to Cher¬ bourg.
Conference, at Paris, respecting the con¬ dition of the Danubian principalities.
1859 France   declares   war   against   Austria,
and sends an army to the aid of Italy, May.
The Empress declared Regent.
The Emperor takes command of the ar¬ my in Italy.   Arrives at Genoa, May 12.
Battles of Montebello, May 20; Palestro, May 30, 31; Magenta, June 4; Maleg- nano, June 8, and Solferlno, June 24; the allies victorious in each.
Armistice arranged,  July 6.
Meeting of the Emperors of France and Austria, at Villa Franca, July 11. Pre¬ liminary  peace  effected,   July  12. .
The Emperor Napoleon returns to Prance, July 17.
Peace Conference meets at Zurich, for arrangement of treaty between France and Sardinia and Austria. Peace signed,   Nov.  12.
1860 France adopts a free trade policy. Commercial treaty with England signed
Jan.  23.
Annexation of Savoy and Nice to France.
Meeting of the Emperor with the Ger¬ man sovereigns at Baden,  June 15-17.
Visit of the Emperor and Empress to Savoy,   Corsica,   and   Algiers.
The public levying of Peter's pence for¬ bidden, and restrictions placed upon the issuing of pastoral letters. ,
Napoleon    mate"    coiicese<i'«s    to    iiiie  J Chambers   ia   favor   of   freedom   eZ speeclu
The Pope advised by the Emperor to give up his temporal possessions. 1S51   The principality of Monaco purchased for 4,000,000 francs by Prance.
Troubles with the church about the Roman question.
Sardinian Boundary treaty, March 7.
The government issues a circular for¬ bidding priests to meddle in politics, April 11.
Commercial treaty with Belgium ratified.
Neutrality declared in the American con- fiict.
Prance recognizes the kingdom of Italy, June 24.
Meeting of the Emperor and King of Prussia, at Compiegne, Oct. 6.
Convention between France, Great Britain and Spain concerning interven¬ tion in Mexico.
Embarrassment     In     the     Government
'   finances.
Achille Pould made minister of finance.
1862 The Mexican expsdition begun.
The French conquer the province of Blenhoa,  in .4,nnam.
Six provinces In Cochin China conquered and ceded to  France.
The British and Spanish forces withdraw from the Mexican expedition.
War  declared   against  Mexico.
Peace effected with  Annam.
New commercial treaty with Prussia, Aug.  2.
Great distress In the manufacturing dis¬ tricts in consequence of the civil war in  the  United  States.
1863 Commercial treaty with Italy. Convention with Spain for the rectifica¬ tion of the frontier.
Growing power of the opposition in the Chambers and throughout the country.
The elections result in the choice of many opposition deputies, including Thiers,   Favre,   Ollivier  and  others.
Napoleon proposes a European Confer¬ ence for the settlement of the questions of the day, Nov. 9.
England declines to join the proposed Conference, Nov. 25. The French ar¬ my conquer Mexico and occupy the capital.
1864 Treaty between Prance and Japan. Commercial treaty with Switzerland, Convention   with   Italy   respecting   the
evacuation  of  Rome,  Sept.  15.
Establishment of the Mexican empire, with Maximilian, of Austria, as Em¬ peror.
Death of Marshal Pelissier, Duke of Malakoff.
1865 The clergy prohibited from reading the
Pope's Encyclical In the churches. Tre.aty with Sweden signed. The plan of Minister Duruy, for compul¬ sory education, rejected by the Assem¬ bly. Death of the Duke de Morny, Visit of the Emperor to Algeria, The English fleet visits Cherbourg and
The French fleet visits Portsmouth,
The Queen of Spain visits the Emperor at Biarritz.
Students'   riot in  Paris.
Napoleon expresses his detestation of the treaties of 1815,  May 6.
Proposed peace conference In conjunc¬ tion with England and Russia for the settlement of the troubles between Prussia, Italy and Austria. Austria re¬ fuses to join In It.
France declares a "W^atchful Neutrality as to the German-Italian war.
Napoleon demands of Prussia a cession of a part of the Rhine provinces.
His demand is refused.
Austria cedes Venetia to France, who transfers  it  to   Italy.
The French occupation of Rome termin¬ ated,  Dec.   11.
Congress at Paris on Roumanian affairs.
1867 Settlement  of  the  Luxemburg question
by the  London  Conference. The   great   International   exposition   at
Paris opened April 1.   Visit of many
crowned heads. Attempted assassination of the Czar of
Russia, June 6.
1868 Riots in Bordeaux and Paris, in March
and June.
1868 Treaties with Italy, Prussia and  Meck¬
lenburg   signed.
1869 Serious election riots In Paris.
Great radical successes in the elections.
The Emperor makes new concessions In favor of the constitutional government.
Celebration of the one hundredth birth¬ day of Napoleon the  Great.
Death of Lamartine,  Feb.  28.
Resignation of ministry,  Dec.  27.
1870 Victor Noir shot by Prince Pierre Bona¬
parte, Jan.  10.
Great riots in Paris, Feb. 8, 9.
Discovery of plots against the Emperor's life.
Trial and acquittal of Prince Pierre Bon¬ aparte.
The Plebiscitum on change of Constitu¬ tion; affirmative vote secured for Ple¬ biscite,  May 8.
Nomination of Prince Leopold for Span¬ ish throne creates warlike feeling.
Prince Leopold withdraws.
Refusal of Prussia to give guarantees to Prance.
War with Prussia declared, July 15.
English mediation refused, July 20.
Prussians blow  up bridge  of  Kehl.
The Emperor takes command of the ar¬ my.
Severe and undecisive engagement at Saarbuck,   Aug.   2-4.
Defeat of the Pre-nch at Woerth and For- bach, Aug. 6.
Strasburg Invested, Aug. 10,
Battle of Courcelles, Aug. 14.
Decisive victory at Gravelotte, Aug. 18.
Bazaine's army shut up in Metz, Aug. 24.
Repulse of Germans at Verdun, Aug. 25.
Great victory of Prussians at battle of Sedan, Sept. 1.
The Emperor Napoleon and the French army made prisoners of war, Sept. 2.
Revolution in Paris, and fall of the Empire. Plight of the Empress Eu¬ genie,   Sept.  7.
The Republic proclaimed In Paris, and the Provisional Government organized, Sept. 7.
Paris invested by the Prussians, Sept. 19.
Strasburg surrendered, Sept. 27.
Metz and French army, under Bazaine, surrender, Oct.  27.
Defeat of the French army of the North, Dec.  23.
1871 Rocroy capitulates,  Jan.  6.
Alencon surrendered, Jan. 17.
Paris bombarded by the Prussians.
King William of Prussia proclaimed Em¬ peror of Germany, at Versailles, Jan. 18.
The armistice and peace signed, Feb. 27.
France agrees to give up Alsace, a fifth of Lorraine, with Metz and Thionville, and to pay five milliards of francs.
Meeting of the Assembly at Bordeaux.
Formation of a provisional government.
Prussians enter  France,   March 1.
Peace with Germany.
Revolt of the Commune, March 18.
The second sle^e and capture of Paris, March 28.
Thiers elected President of the Third Re¬ public.
1872 Reorganization   of   the   government   in
Prance. * ^arge part of tlie "a,r isdeiiiriitj' iaiS. £)eath of the Cuke ae Persigny, Jan.' 12. Commercial   treaty   with   Belglua?   iUi-
England abrogated, Feb. 2.
1873 Death of Napoleon  III.,  at Chiselhurst,
England, Jan. 9.
New treaty of evacuation signed with Germany,   March  15.
M. Thiers resigns the presidency, May 24.
Marshal MacMahon chosen President of the  Republic,   May  25.
War Indemnity paid in full, Sept. 5.
Germans avacuate Verdun, Sept. 15.
Presidential term fixed at seven years.
Bazaine sentenced to twenty years Im¬ prisonment for i.-<urrender of Metz, Deo. 12.
1874 Execution  of  communists.
Escape of Genera.  Bazaine, Aug. 11. Payment of the German debt, September.
1875 The   legislative   body   reorganized,   and
two Chambers created. Passage of a bill for the construction of £|, tunnel under the English channel.
1876 Meeting of the new Chambers, March 7. Amnesty for communists.
New ministry formed by Jules Simon.
1877 Death of M.  Thiers, Sept. 8. MacMahon  dissolves Chamber of Depu¬ ties, June 25.
Gambetta prosecuted, Aug. 25.
1878 International Exposition at Paris opened
May 1.
1879 Resignation    of    President    MacMahon,
Jan. 2. M. Jules Grevy elected President by the
Senate,   Jan.   30. Gambetta    becomes    President    of    the
Waddington forms a new ministry. Communist amnesty bill passed, Feb. 21. Bill to abolish Jesuit colleges introduced
by M. Ferry. Prince Louis Napoleon killed in Zululand,
Africa, June 1. M.  De Freycinet   forms   new   ministry,
to succeed Waddlngton's, Dec. 21.
1880 Rejection of educational bills of M. Fer¬
ry,  March 9. Jesuit,   and   other  orders,   dissolved  by
national   decree. General amnesty bill passed, July 3. New  ministry  formed  by  Jules  Ferry,
Sept. 20.
1881 Elections favorable to the government. $200,000,000   loan   taken   up   three   times
over.
France invades Tunis, and treaty with Bey signed, May 12, by which the republic gains virtual Suzerainty.
Ratification by Senate, May 23.
Great excitement produced in Italy.
Gambetta enthusiastically received at Cahors, May 25.
Rejection of semtin de hste. May 9.
Gambetta premier on resignation of Fer¬ ry's cabinet.
1882 Resignation of Gambetta's ministry, Jan.
30. . T ,
Freycinet Prime Minister; resigns, July 29
Rejection of vote of credit to protect Suez Canal.
Disastrous floods in France, Aug. 6.
Duclerc succeeds in forming a new min¬ istry,   Aug.   7. .„....,.
Death of Louis Blanc, aged 71, Dec. 6.
Death of Leon Gambetta, aged 42, Dec. 24.
1883 Arrest of Prince Napoleon charged with
sedition, Jan. 16; released, Feb. 9.
Resignation of the Duclerc ministry,
M. Faillleres Prime Minister, Jan. 29.
Death of Gustave Dore, aged 50, Jan. 23.
Passage of the expulsion bill, Feb. 1.
Jules Ferry forms a new ministry, Feb. 21.
Commencement of hostilities with Mada¬ gascar; bombardment of Majunga, May 16; bombardment of Tamatave, Mada¬ gascar, June 13.
Blockade of Tonquin by French fleet, September.
Apology offered by President Grevy to King Alfonso   Sept.  30.
Gen. Thlbaudin resigns office of Minister of War,  Oct.  5.
1884 Treaty between Prance and China signed,
May 11.
France commences hostilities by bom¬ bardment and capture of Kelung, Aug. 6.
Serious outbreak of cholera at Toulon.
1885 Langson, China, captured by the French,
Feb. 12. Peace concluded with China, April 6, and treaty signed of Tientsin, June 9.
1885   Death of Victor Hugo, aged 83, March 22.
1887 Burning of   the   Theatre   Comique,   100
lives  lost.  May 25. Fall  of   President  Grevy,   Dec.   2. M. Sadi Carnot elected President, Dec. 3.
1888 Remains of Napoleon III. and the Prince
Imperial removed to Farmsborough.
1889 Centennial   of   French   revolution   cele¬
brated.   May 5. Paris Exposition opened, May 6.
1890 Cabinet, with M. de Freycinet, March 16.
1891 Russia bestows decoration on Pres. Car¬
not,  March.
1893 Panama  Canal   frauds   exposed,    many
prominent men imprisoned. Court of Cassation quashed the sentence
of the Panama Canal swindlers, and all
released   from   jail,   except   Chas.   de
Lesseps. Prance gives Slam an ultimatum, which
was accepted,  June  29. Marshal    McMahon,   ex-president,   died,
Oct. 17,
1894 President   Sadi   Carnot   assassinated   at
Lyons by an anarchist. Casimir-Perler elected president, but re¬ signed shortly after and was succeeded by Felix Faure.
1895 French    army    succeeds    in    capturing
Madagascar.
1899 Dreyfus case  creates  great  excitement.
Capt. Dreyfus pardoned, Sept. li). Emile Loubec elected President,  Feb. 18.
1900 Theatre Francais, Paris, burned, March 8.
1901 Santos-Dumont wins prize for sieerable
balloon, Nov.
Austria-Hungary.
1772   Austria acquires Galicla, and other prov¬ inces, from Poland. 1785   Vassalage abolished in Hungary.
1792 War with Prance begins.
1793 The Austrians  victorious at the battles
of Neerwlnden and Quesnoy.
1795 The Austrians defeated at the battle of
Loano.
1796 Disastrous    defeats    sustained    against
Bonaparte at Montenotte, Lodi, Bad- stadt, Roseredo, and elsewhere.
1797 Treaty of Campo Pormlo.
The Emperor surrenders Lombardy to Napoleon, and obtains Venice.
1799 Additional defeats at Zurich and Bergen.
1800 Defeat  of  Austrians   by   the   French  at
the battles of Engen, May 3; Monte¬ bello, June 9; Marengo, June 14; Hoch- stadt, June 19; Hohenllnden, Dec. 3; and Mincio .
1801 Treaty of Lunevllle;   loss of more Aus¬
trian territory.
1804 Francis II. of Germany becomes Francis
I. of Austria.
1805 War with Prance declared by Francis. General   Ney   defeats   Austrians   at   El-
chingen and Ulm.
Capture of Vienna, by Napoleon,
Battle of AusterlUg,
Complete defeat ef Austrians and Rus¬ sians. >- 1805   Treaty of ^."^-liis-Jvr
Austria   .us-fsaa©'':^ Jie T'> i Gl a^^d Venice.
fhe Frt;ncxi eva£:id.te Vienna.
The Germanic Confederation dissolved.
The Austrian  Xing abdicates. ISC   Battle of Aheiisberg; defeat of Austrians.
Second capt-,.re of Vienna, by the French the citv restored Oct. 24. 181.0   Marriage    of    the    Archduchess    Maiia Louise, daughter of Francis II., to Na¬ poleon I., April 1.
1814 Downfall of Napoleon. Congress of Sovereigns at Vienna.
1815 Treaty of Vienna.
Austria regains her Italian provinces, with additions.
The Lombardo-Venetlan kingdom estab¬ lished.
Hungarian Diet assembles.
Death of Francis I.; Ferdinand I. suc¬ ceeds him.
Treaty of commerce with England.
Ferdinand I. crowned Emperor at Milan.
1848 Insurrection at Vienna.
Plight of Prince Metternlch,  March  13.
Insurrections in Italy, which are crushed.
Another insurrection at Vienna.
The Emperor flees to Inspruck, May 15- 17.
The Archduke John appointed Vicar-Gen¬ eral of the Empire, May 29.
A Constitutional Assembly meets at Vienna, July 22.
Third insurrection in Vienna.
Count Latour murdered, Oct. 6.
War with Sardinia.       k  p
Revolution in Hungary.
Imperial troops capture Raab and defeat Hungarians, at Szlklszo and Mohr.
The Emperor Ferdinand abdicates in fa¬ vor of his nephew, Francis Joseph.
1849 Sardinia forced to make peace. Constitution granted.
Hungary declares independence, April 14. Kossuth proclaimed Governor. Total defeat of Hungarians at Szegeden. The  revolution  in  Hungary  suppressed,
after a severe struggle. Count Bathyany executed.
1850 Convention of Olmutz.
1851 The  Emperor  revokes  the  Constitution
of 1849.
1852 Trial by jury abohshed in the Empire.
1853 Llbenyi attempts to assassinate the Em¬
peror. Commercial  treaty  with  Prussia.
1854 The Austrians enter the Danubian prin¬
cipalities.
1856 Amnesty granted to the Hungarian po¬
litical offenders of 1848, '49, by the Em¬ peror.
1857 Quarrel   with   Sardinia,   and   diplomatic
relations suspended. The Danubian provinces evacuated. Visit  of  the  Emperor  and  Empress  to
Hungary.
1859 War with France and Sardinia. Austrians   cross   the   Ticino   and   enter
Piedmont. Austrians  defeated  at  Montebello,   May
20;   Palestro, May 30, 31. Napoleon III, declares war with Austria,
May 31. Battles of Magenta, June 4;   Melegnano,
June 8, and Solferlno, June 24, in all of
which Austria suffers defeat. Death of Prince Metternlch. Armistice between the Austrians and the
allies agreed upon, July 6. Meeting of the Emperors of Prance and
Austria, July 11. Peace of Villa Franca, July 12. Austria   surrenders   Lombardy   to   Sar¬ dinia. Further troubles in Hungary;   fears of
a revolution. The Emperor grants increased privileges
to the Protestants. Treaty of Zurich,   Nov.  10;    permanent
peace with France and Sardinia.
1860 The Emperor removes the disabilities of
the Jews.
The meeting of the Reichsrath, the great imperial council or diet. May 31.
Austria protests against the annexation of the Itahan duchies by the King of Sardinia.
The liberty of the press further re¬ tained;   renewed troubles in Hungary.
The Reichsrath granted legislative pow¬ ers, the control of the finances, etc.
1861 Amnesty   granted   for  political   offences
In Hungary, Croatia, etc.
Great disaffection throughout the Em¬ pire caused by the reactionary policy of the court.
The new Constitution for the Austrian monarchy published.
Civil and political rights granted to Protestants throughout the Empire, ex¬ cept in Hungary and Venice.
1861
1862
1825 1835
1838
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869 1870
1871
1872 1873
1874
1875
1876
1877 1878
1879 1881
1883 1884
1885
1889
1890 1891
No deputies present from Hungary, Cro¬ atia,   Transylvania,   Venice,   or   Istrla, at meeting of the Reichsrath, April 29. The Hungarians demand the restoration
of the Constitution of 1848. The new liberal Constitution for the em¬ pire fails to satisfy Hungary. Military levy taxes In Hungary. Entire Independence refused Hungary by
the Emperor, July 21. The Diet of Hungary protests, Aug. 20,
and is dissolved, Aug. 21. The magistrates at Pesth resign. Military government established in Hun¬ gary, in December. Amnesty granted to  Hungarian  revolu¬ tionists. Cessation of prosecutions, Nov. 19. Ministry of Marine created. The principle of ministerial responsibility
adopted In the imperial government. Great reduction of the army. A   personal   liberty   (a   kind   of   habeas
corpus) bill passed. Serious inundations throughout the em¬ pire. Unsuccessful Insurrection in Poland. Transylvania    accepts    the    constitution .,  and sends deputies to the Reichsrath. German sovereigns meet at Frankfort. Federal   Constitution   reformed. Galicla and Cracow declared in a state
of siege. War   with   Denmark,   about   Schleswig- Holstein;   meeting of the Emperor with King of Prussia, June 22;   peace with Denmark,  Oct. 30. Austria supports the German Confedera¬ tion   in    the   dispute   respecting   the duchies. Great financial difficulties In the empire,;
reforms resolved upon. Concessions   made   to   Hungary,   and   a more liberal manner of governing the empire introduced. Convention of Gastein with Prussia for
the disposal  of the  Danish  duchies. Austria receives  the temporary govern¬ ment of Holstein,  and the promise of 2,500,000 Danish dollars from Prussia. Rescript of the Emperor suppressing the Constitution for the purpose of grant¬ ing independence to Hungary. -¦ The Emperor visits Pesth, Hungary. Dissatisfaction in the rest of the empire. Quarrel   with   Prussia,   Bavaria,   Hesse- Cassel, Saxony, Hanover, Wurtemburg, Hesse-Darmstadt on the Holstein ques¬ tion. Nassau and Frankfort allied with Aus¬ tria. The German-Italian war between Austria
enters Silesia. The Italians defeated  by the  Ardhduke Albrecht, June 24, at battle of Custova. The   Prussians   occupy   Saxony   and   in¬ vade Bohemia. Defeat   of   the   Austrians   at   battle   of
•Nachos, June 27. Battle of Skalitz;   decisive defeat of the Austrian army, under Benedek, at Sa- dowa, July 3. Venetia ceded to Prance, July 4, and In¬ tervention requested. Great victory by the Austrian fieet over
the Italian fieet, at Lissa, July 20. An armistice agreed upon between Aus¬ tria   and   Prussia,   July   22;    peace   of Nicholsburg, Aug. 30. Hanover,     Hesse-Uafjsel,     Nassau     and
Frankfort gained by Prussia. Austria retires  from  the  German  Cor-
federation. Baron Von Beust made prime minister, The   Emperor   makes   great   concessions
to Galicla. A new and very liberal Constitution for
the empire adopted. Hungary    constituted    an    independent
kingdom. Andrassy elected President of Hungarian
Diet. The  Emperor  and  Empress   of  Austria crowned King and Queen of Hungary, at Pesth,  June 8. The clergy of the Roman Catholic church
made amenable to the civil law. Civil marriage authorized. The State assumes the control of secular
education. Serio. " outbreaks In   Dalmatia   against
conscription. The Concordat repealed. Neutrality declared in the Franco-Prus¬ sian war. Bitter contest between national and fed¬ eral parties. Further reforms In the government in¬ stituted. Measures adopted  looking to the repre¬ sentation of all the nationalities   em¬ braced in the empire. Austria recognizes new German Confed¬ eration. Old Catholic movement at Vienna. Rivalry between Slavonian conservatives and   German   constitutionalists;    over¬ throw of Beust. Andrassy appointed Minister of Foreign
affairs. Change In the Electoral Law. Meeting of the Emperors at Berlin. Visit  of the Emperor of  Germany  and
King of Italy to Vienna. International     Exhibition     at     Vienna,
opened May 1. The federalists defeated in the elections. Reforms in  the empire. Visit of the Emperor to Russia. Ecclesiastical laws of Austria condemned
by the Pope. Death of Ferdinand—, ex-Emperor, Visit of the Emperor to Italy. Great financial crisis. Change In the bed of the Danube. New marriage law proclaimed. Austria takes a leading part in the east¬ ern question. Neutrality declared in Servian war. Austria remains neutral in the Turkish
war. Andrassy represents Austria In the Ber¬ lin Conference. Occupation of  Bosnia and Herzegovina,
and war with the former. Resignation of Count Andrassy. The Archduke Rudolph marries the Prin¬ cess Stephanie, Belgium. Raab, Hungary, inundated by the rising of the Danube;   many lives lost, Jan. 9. Burning  of  the   Stadt  Theatre,   Vienna,
May 16. Meeting   of  the   Emperor   and   Czar   of
Russia at Kremsier, Aug. 25. Meeting of the  Emperor with  the Em¬ peror of Germany at Gastein, Aug. 6. Crown Prince suicides, Jan. 30. Emperor  Francis   Joseph   visits   Berlin,
Aug. 12. The Rothschilds protest against the per¬ secution of the Jews, May 11. Austro-Gcrman new commercial treaty, April 2.
SCANDINAVIA.
Most of Norway was united under Har¬ old Haarfager about the end of the ninth century.
1365 Albert of Mecklenburg became king of Sweden.
1385 Margaret, the Semlramis of the North, became Queen of Denmark. This great princess died in 1412.
Copyright, 1896, by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.